Human Race a Social Organism 395 



So completely have all the interests of men be- 

 come internationalized that more than six hundred 

 international associations, ranging from organiza- 

 tions of workmen to scientific associations, have 

 been formed to carry out on a world scale, the ob- 

 jects which they found it impossible to achieve on 

 a national scale. Intellectually the unity of the 

 world is almost complete, in science, literature, and 

 art. By all the tests of economic, social, and intel- 

 lectual reactions of one part upon another, the 

 human race already forms a single social organism, 

 and it is only because of the backward condition 

 of the social sciences that political unity has not 

 long since been achieved. 



The extension of the mental horizon, which has 

 resulted from the telegraph, the newspaper, and 

 the moving-picture, is a powerful factor making for 

 world unity. The extension of the limits of the 

 moral law, which is an indispensable factor of a 

 larger association, has proceeded very rapidly in 

 recent years, so that group interests tend increas- 

 ingly to cut across national boundaries. The 

 socialists of different nations have much more in 

 common with each other than they have with 

 capitalists in their own country, and the same is 

 true of the capitalists. These ethical factors will 

 naturally suffer a severe reaction as the result of 

 the war, but the forces which have produced them 

 in the past are indestructible and the process of 

 horizontal instead of vertical stratification of social 

 interests will go on irresistibly. 



