has an area of one inch from which the little roots gather food, the area 

 is increased one thousand fold if the lump is thoroughly pulverized. 



Packer 



The subsurface packer is indispensable to the dry-land farmer. In 

 fact, it is practically useless to undertake to produce crops in many 

 regions where the rainfall is abnormally low during the growing season, 

 unless the seed-bed is made compact. The wedge-shaped wheels pack 



"V" Flexible Pulverizer and Packer .. Indispensable to the Dry-Land Farmer and Beneficial 

 in Most Localities 



and pulverize the soil, just as a fork crushes a boiled potato, or the 

 railroad builder's spade packs the dirt under the ties. This implement 

 used on forty acres of wheat land in a normal year will increase the 

 yield in one crop enough to pay for the tool and the cost of labor. 



Culti-Packer 



The double gang pulverizer, known as a culti-packer, is valuable for 

 at least three things: (See page 185 of this book.) 



First, it pulverizes the surface. The back roll of wheels is so placed 

 that the cutting edge of each wheel mismatch the pulverizing done by 

 the wheels of the front gang. This hit-and-miss arrangement of wheels 

 insures that no clods are missed and the ground is left in little ridges, a 

 very desirable condition to catch and absorb rains. If used after seed- 

 ing, the soil is made compact around the seed, thereby hastening 

 germination. 



Second, in sections where it is not advisable to use the smooth roller 

 on account of the soil drifting or the sub-surface packer because it is 



