Unless the weather is extremely cold, cows do much better in an 

 exercising shed during the night than if confined in stanchions. Cows 

 should not be exposed to cold stormy weather at any time. 



Cows should be curried and the udder thoroughly cleansed before 

 milking. The milker should be in good health, wear clean garments 

 and have clean hands in order to insure sanitary milk. 



Milk should not be kept in cans or pails in the stables, but be removed 

 to a detached milk house as soon as it is taken from the cow. The 

 floor in both milk house and cow barn should be made of cement and 

 all walls and equipment given a coat of paint often enough to prevent 

 the accumulation of disease germs. When steam is accessible, it is 

 advisable to sterilize stalls, feed boxes, etc., occasionally. 



Contagious Abortion in Cows — How to Prevent 



This disease is due to a specific micro-organism. The cow becomes 

 contaminated from afflicted cows or bulls, voided calves, afterbirths 

 and discharges. The germs persist for months unless the affected 

 cows are removed and the bam and surroundings made perfectly 

 sanitary. By using steam, hot water, disinfecting fluid and white- 

 washing the interior of the barn, the germs can be destroyed. 



When a cow is threatened with abortion, she should be isolated and 

 if she is restless, given from one-half to one ounce of laudanum or 

 one-half ounce of fluid extract of canabis indica in a little water. 

 Also give about one ounce of the fluid extract of black haw and con- 

 tinue the black haw giving one-half ounce once or twice daily until 

 the cow is well. 



To prevent other cows in the bam from contracting the disease 

 where one has aborted, spray the external genitals of each pregnant 

 cow with a one per cent of coal tar disinfectant and disinfect the floor 

 and gutters by using coal tar solution or a solution of copper sulphate, 

 one ounce to the gallon of hot water. 



RATIONS FOR DAIRY COWS 



WHILE the ration should contain the essential elements of milk, 

 no fixed formula can be prescribed to meet the requirements 

 of all cows. The dairjmian can, by trials, usually select a diet 

 suited to the individual. The needs of different animals vary from 

 time to time. A balanced ration for a large cow giving a large quan- 

 tity of milk would not be suited to a small one giving a less quantity, 

 and a cow which is inclined to fatten easily should have less carbo- 

 hydrates than a lean one. Hence, the dairyman should study his cows 



