Heating 



A furnace of sufRcient capacity to heat an ordinary house and heat 

 water for the kitchen, bathroom and lavatory is no more expensive to 

 maintain than the ordinary hard-coal burners. Furnaces are on the 

 market which are not only economical, but are equipped with an 

 automatic device which regulates the heat. 



Septic Tank 



While the sewage may in some instances be emptied in a stream 

 or ravine, it is a dangerous thing to do, for the reason that the stream 

 will be contaminated, and unless the flow is gi'eat, odors will arise, 

 therefore it is necessary that some other means of disposing of sewage 

 be provided. Nothing has as yet been devised as a sewage disposal 

 for the farm home equal to the septic tank. 



A septic tank is a receptacle for the purification and disposal of 

 sewage. This system of sewage disposal is especially adapted to 

 villages and farm dwellings where no regular sewage system exists. 

 The process by which sewage is liquefied, made odorless and harmless, 

 is accomplished by a specific bacteria or micro-organism known as 

 anaerobiosis. 



The apparatus consists of a receiving chamber (b), a process chamber 

 (a), an inlet pipe (c), discharge pipes (e and f), and a vent pipe (g). 

 The tanks should be made of concrete and practically air-tight, having 

 a man-hole in the top. The walls and top should be from four to 

 to five inches in thickness, and the top reinforced. The tank can be 

 located at any reasonable distance from the dwelling house. It will 

 be necessary to locate it so that there will be a slight fall between the 

 house and the tank. The pipe (c) leading from the house to the tank 

 should be of iron in order to prevent the possiblity of leaks. Sewer 

 pipe can be used if the joints are properly cemented. This pipe should 

 also have a trap at the point where it leaves the house. The receiving 

 chamber should be of concrete, made air tight and provided with a 

 man-hole in order that sludge can be pumped out in case of accumula- 

 tion. 



The sewage passes from the receiving chamber (b) to the main tank 

 (a) through pipe (d). The object in having pipe (d) curved down- 

 wards and extend to within one foot on the bottom of the main tank 

 is to prevent any disturbance of the scum which forms on top of the 

 sewage in tank (a). That scum or crust must not be broken, for 

 the reason that if it is, bacterial action and liquefaction stop 

 until the crust again forms. The effluent or liquefied sewage leaves 

 the tank through siphon pipe (e). This pipe starts, as is shown in 

 the illustration, about one foot from the bottom of the tank and dis- 

 charges into the tile drain which carries the harmless liquid away. 



