128 



UTILIZATION OF REFUSE. 



PART I. 



chemically examined. Most of the substances obtained 

 from petroleum and the distillation of coal are common 

 also to distilled peat, and now it is proposed to utilize 

 sea weeds, in which the northern coasts of Scotland and 

 Ireland are so rich. They were burnt for many years 

 chiefly to furnish soda, but as that substance is obtained 

 at a cheaper rate from salt, kelp or sea weed ashes has 

 only been made lately to obtain iodine for medical 

 purposes, and more than one half is wasted in the 

 process. Besides iodine and six other substances gene- 

 rally procured from kelp, Mr. Stanford has discovered 

 that it contains naphtha, paraffin oil and volatile oil 

 rich in benzol, which yields aniline and magenta dyes 



/'and shows that marine vegetation as well as terrestrial 



vabounds in colouring matter. 



Every substance is now of use, no substance is with- 

 out its value, but it would be a vain attempt to mention 

 the innumerable discoveries made by experimental 

 chemistry, which is daily extending its empire over the 

 three kingdoms of organic and inorganic nature. 



Composition of some of tlie preceding Substances. 



Acetylene 

 Olefiant gas . 

 Ammonia 

 Benzol . 

 Phenyle 



C 2 H 2 



C 2 H 4 



H 3 N 



C 12 H 6 



C 12 H 5 N 



Aniline 

 Eosaniline . 

 Carbolic acid 

 Cressylic acid 



C 12 H 7 N 3 

 C 40 H 9 N 3 

 C 12 H 6 2 

 CH 



