Sidney Klein 317 



was stained a violet color while the Paneth granules became red. The 

 cells which were regarded by Bizzozero as transitional cells contained both 

 small red granules and large blue mucin granules. As these cells were 

 observed in an intermediate position in the gland between the Paneth 

 cells below and the goblet cells above it seemed probable to Bizzozero that 

 the mucin in them had been produced by the transformation of Paneth 

 granules. He assumed, therefore, that the Paneth cells were young 

 goblet cells. 



Subsequent investigators, however, among whom may be mentioned 

 Holier, 99, Zimmermann, 98, Zipkin, 04, and Schmidt, 05, have failed to 

 find the transitional elements described by Bizzozero, and have accepted 

 the conclusion of Paneth and Nicolas that the granule-cells are specific 

 elements engaged in a special kind of secretion. 



Schaffer, 91, described and figured these structures in the glands of 

 Lieberkuhn of the duodenum and jejunum of man although he did not 

 succeed in staining the granules. Zimmerman found that the granules 

 stained strongly in iron haBmatoxylin in sections of human small intes- 

 tine fixed in sublimate. He regarded the cells of Paneth as serous cells. 



Moller, 99, studied the structure of the glands of Lieberkuhn of a 

 large number of mammals, chiefly in material fixed in a formaldehyde 

 bichromate mixture, and stained in the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture, although 

 he also used other fixing fluids for purposes of control, and applied the 

 iron-haematoxylin method with good results. Moller found that the 

 cells of Paneth occurred in the intestinal glands of the mouse, guinea-pig, 

 rabbit, ox, sheep, and horse. His results were negative as regards the 

 cells of Paneth in the pig, cat, and dog, although he regarded the failure 

 to find them in the first-named animal as due to a failure to fix the 

 granules. Moller also found that the granules in different cells often 

 exhibited different affinities for the stains employed, so that, for example, 

 in sections stained in the Biondi-Ehrlich mixture some granules stained 

 red, others yellow, greenish-yellow, or dark olive green. This difference 

 he thought to be due to different functional conditions of the cells, the 

 changes which the granule underwent from the time of its first formation 

 in the cell to the time when it reached its mature form being indicated by 

 its staining properties. In some cells he found indications of the fusion 

 of the separate granules to a common mass which in part occupied the 

 meshes of the cell framework, in part the wide lumen of the gland. 

 These facts he regarded as undoubted indications of a real secretory 

 activity on the part of these cells. He found no transitions between 

 Paneth cells and goblet cells. 



