136 ON ZOOLOGY. 



of reason must be exercised, to carry them into 

 effect. But if, on returning home, the animal on 

 meeting roads of opposite directions, should stop 

 to look about, and hesitate, as if dubious of the 

 right, and then -'? terniine (as I have frequently 

 noticed ;) this v. -uld call reflection, and if it 

 be reflection, that attribute we know must ema- 

 nate exclusively from reason. 



To the influence of reason, I should also at- 

 tribute the resentment often evinced by animals 

 when under ill treatment from ourselves ; the 

 partiality and affection which they display tow- 

 ards us, when an uniform series of kindness and 

 preference has been bestowed on them, and the 

 jealousy they evince when that preference has been 

 transferred to another ; the recollection which 

 they retain of punishments and rewards ; and 

 the corresponding actions produced therefrom ; 

 the evident influence on many of them, (but 

 especially on the dog species) of the passions 

 expressed in the human countenance and voice, 

 whether of encouragement to approach, or threat 

 of punishment, a command to retire or to move 

 in a new direction, a dread of their attacks, or a 

 look of determination to resist their threats. All 

 these diversified effects, with a vast variety of 

 others that might be enumerated, I consider to 

 be the result of a certain portion of reason ; since 

 they are produced from unforeseen excitements 

 not connected with the animal's existence and 



