13 



Cement Factories. 



There is a first-class cement factory near Leiria, in a place 

 called Maceira, -which has been inaugurated in 1923. The 

 plant is of the best, and the raw material is reported as the finest 

 known in the Peninsula, The actual output is reckoned at 35,000 

 tons per annum, but the capacity of the plant is for an output of 

 '70,000 tons. The capital invested is exclusively Portuguese. 



Fruit Preserving 



industries are expanding. The convent traditions relative to 

 fruit preserving are still alive in places like Elvas, famous for its 

 plums and olives. 



Candle, Soap, and Oil Factories. 



The best factory of this kind in the Peninsula is undoubtedly 

 the Uniao Fabril, near Lisbon. 



Sugar Refineries. 



The sugar imported from the Portuguese colonies (30,000 

 tons) is refined in Lisbon, where two big factories have been 

 greeted. 



Transport. 



The total extension of railways in Portugal is 3,045 kilo- 

 metres, of which 1,805 km. are owned by private companies and 

 1,240 km. by the Government. 



The number of locomotives is 380, and the number of freight 

 cars is 6,229. 



According to the available data the Portuguese railways 

 show a traffic of 2,000,000 tons in the main lines and 700,000 tons 

 in the narrow gauge lines. 



Private capital invested in the railways aggregates 

 112,092,000 escudos and 4,000,000 francs. The State lines 

 represent a capital of 15,946,000 escudos. 



The paying lines are the small ones in the north of Portugal. 

 The other companies pay no dividends, notwithstanding the grow- 

 ing volume of traffic. The -State lines are run at a deficit. 



There are in Portugal 17,000 kilometres of macadamised 

 roads. Motor-cars and motor- lorries are very popular and there 

 is' a growing consumption of petrol. 



The utilisation of the water courses would be of great 

 advantage for agriculture. 



