annum and is returning to the pre-war position.), 110,000 tons 

 of rye (during the war the average was 78,000 tons), 15,000 tons 

 of rice (23,000 tons in 1920), and 125,000 tons of oats and barley. 

 Beans of different qualities are estimated at 59,000 tons, potatoes 

 average at 240,000 tons (during the war the average was 156,000 

 tons). The average production of fruit and vegetables is 200,000 

 tons per annum. 



Whether Portugal, with her 8,000,000 hectares of land, is 

 able or not to be self-supporting is a matter of scientific 

 controversy. At any rate it is hard to believe that 6,000,000 

 inhabitants cannot produce sufficient food in the country to 

 meet their requirements. The amount of bread consumed per 

 inhabitant is estimated at 400 grammes per day, or 104 kilo- 

 grammes per annum. 



Irrigation works in the Alemtejo are being contemplated. 

 A canal ought to be opened near the River Sorraia (a tributary 

 of the Tagus) and it would irrigate 40,000 hectares of the best 

 land in the Alemtejo. 



The cultivation of vines is typical of Portugal. The area 

 of the vineyards is 320,000 hectares; the annual output of wine 

 being 5,000,000 hectolitres. The highest figure recorded is 

 6,870,000 hectolitres in 1908. The average yield per hectare is 

 23 hectolitres (in France the yield is 39 hectolitres). The number 

 of labourers employed in the vineyards is put at 100,000. 



The variety of wines and grapes is considerable. The qualities 

 are influenced by the soil, the sun, the rainfall, the climate. The 

 famous port brands are circumscribed by the Douro banks, 

 extending to Traz-os-Montes. Begoa is one of the most interesting 

 centres of this branch of agriculture. Apart from the ports, 

 the light northern table wines are a little sour and have special 

 markets in the country, in the Portuguese colonies, and in Brazil. 

 The southern table wines are the best. Grapes and raisins are 

 exported in increasing scale. 



Tartar is in great demand for the United States. The wine 

 exported to England in 1913 was 3,669,411 gallons, valued aJt 

 946,000; in 1919 it was 12,458,220 gallons, estimated at 

 7,940,000; and in 1920 5,941,575 gallons. As regards port wine, 

 England absorbs 59 per cent, of the production, Brazil 16.4 per 

 cent., and Germany (pre-war average) 6.6 per cent. Brazil buys 

 59 per cent, of the exports of light table wines (686,596 hectolitres 

 average of the period 1904-13), and the Portuguese colonies are 

 proving to be a good outlet (25.5 per cent.) for the light wines. 

 France is occasionally a great buyer (21,053 hectolitres in 1920) 

 when she wants to meet her home deficiencies. England buys 

 only 2.7 per cent, of the light table wines. 



