xiv CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 

 ACTION OF HEAT UPON PROTOPLASM 



PAGE 



1. Nature of Heat and the General Methods of its Application . 219 



2. The Effect of Heat upon the General Functions of Organisms . 222 



1. Effect of Heat upon Metabolism ...... 222 



2. Effect of Heat upon the Movement of Protoplasm and its 



Irritability ......... 225 



3. Temperature-Limits of Life ....... 231 



1. Temporary Rigor and Death at the Higher Limit of Tem- 



perature, Maximum and Ultramaximum . . . .231 



2. Temporary Rigor and Death at the Lower Limit of Tempera- 



ture, Minimum and Ultraminimum ..... 239 



4. Acclimatization of Organisms to Extreme Temperatures . . 249 



1. Acclimatization to Heat ....... 249 



2. Acclimatization to Cold ....... 257 



5. Determination of the Direction of Locomotion by Heat Ther- 



motaxis . . . . ' . . . . . . . 258 



Notes to Table XXI .......... 263 



Literature ... . 267 



CHAPTER IX 



GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL 

 AND PHYSICAL AGENTS UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. Conclusions on the Structure and Composition of Protoplasm . 274 



2. The Limiting Conditions of Metabolism 275 



3. The Dependence of Protoplasmic Movement upon Metabolism 



and upon External Stimuli 277 



4. The Determination of the Direction of Locomotion 278 



