1 64 EXTINCT MONSTERS. 



as warm a climate as it now has, so that both animal and vegetable 

 life continued to flourish vigorously. 



By the Sivalik (or Sewalik) Hills is meant that range of lower 

 elevations which stretches along the south-west foot of the 

 Himalayas, for the greater portion of their extent from the Indus 

 to the Brahmapootra, where those rivers respectively debouche 

 from the hills into the plains of India, It extends for nearly 

 a thousand miles, and it appears to have been entirely built up of 

 alluvial debris, washed down from the Himalayas into that sea 

 which we have already referred to as having once separated the 

 plains of India from the great range now forming its northern 

 boundary. The strata thus formed were subsequently upheaved 

 to form the Sivalik Hills. Thus we see that one mountain range 

 may help to form another one running parallel to itself. The 

 name is derived from Siva, or Mahadeo, the Hindoo god ; these 

 hills, as well as the Himalayas, being connected in Hindoo 

 mythology in various ways with the history of Siva. 



Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley soon found that they had 

 " struck oil " in the Sivalik Hills, or, in other words, had come 

 upon one of Nature's great graveyards, full of material most 

 valuable to the palaeontologist one which, extending for hundreds 

 of miles, might perhaps prove to be as rich in relics of the world's 

 " lost creations " as the lake-basin in Wyoming, where Professor 

 Marsh discovered his Dinocerata and other extinct types. 



Let us give Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley their due. They 

 found themselves suddenly confronted with a perfect mine of 

 wealth, in a far country, where the ordinary means resorted to 

 by men of science for determining extinct types and species, by 

 comparison with living forms, were not to be obtained, for there 

 were no libraries and no museums of comparative anatomy in 

 that remote quarter of India. But Dr. Falconer was not the man 

 to be baffled by such drawbacks, which would have deterred and 

 discouraged some men. He appealed to the living forms that 

 abounded in the surrounding forests, rivers, and swamps, and 



