MAGN0LIACE2E. 



139 



terminal. We have seen, however, that in most of the species of 

 the group comprising Michelia and Liriopsis the axillary hrancli 

 bearing the flower is very short, and does not usually hear well- 

 developed leaves beneath it. Magnolias are only found in the 

 tropical regions of Asia,' Oceania," and America -^ and in the north 

 of India,^ in China,' Japan,^ Mexico, the Antilles,'' and the United 

 States." 



The Tulip-trees {Liriodendro?f) are closely analogous to the 

 Magnolias, from which they are chiefly distinguished by two cha- 

 racters : the aspect of the anthers in the flower (figs. 175, 170) ; 

 and the conversion of the carpels in the fruit into samaras which fall 

 from the common axis when ripe (figs. 177, 178). The recep- 

 tacle is of cylindro-conoidal form, bearing successively from below 

 upwards, a calyx of three imbricated sepals ; a double corolla with 

 three imbricated petals in each whorl, the outer ones alternate with 

 the sepals, the inner superposed to tliem ; a large number of stamens 

 and then of carpels, inserted in one continuous spiral. The stamens 

 consist each of a free filament, and a two-celled distinctly extrorse 

 anther, dehiscing longitudinally.'" The carpels are free, consisting 

 each of a unilocular ovary and a style, whose dilated summit is 

 covered with stigmatic papillse. In the internal angle of the 

 ovaries may be seen two pendulous ovules, analogous to those of 



branous spathelike scales at the base of the leaf- 

 bud, replacing the leaves. On the middle line we 

 perceive a vertical projecting rib rising to a 

 variable height on the scale, and then terminating 

 in a minute apiculus or scarcely visible scar. This 

 rib represents the petiole, and tlie apiculus is a 

 rudimentary blade. We must remark that the 

 petiole here usually falls with the stipuliform ap- 

 pendages, which do not separate from it as in 

 the adult leaves. These scales, consisting alto- 

 gether of the lower part of the leaf, afford a good 

 exi)lanation of the envelopes which have been 

 called sepals. We shall again meet with a pre- 

 cisely similar organization in the Tulip-tree. 



1 KoxB., FL Ind., ii. 653-655.— Wight & 

 Akn., Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind., i. 6. — Hook. & 

 TnoMs., Fl. Lid., i. 74-82. — Tuwait., Eiiiim. 

 Plant. ZeyL, 5. 



- Bl., BijdraJ., V-10 ; Fl. Jav., Mac/noUac., 

 29-40, t. i'x.-xii.— MiQUEL, Fl. Ind.-Bat., i., 

 pars 2, 13-10.— r.LANCo, Flor. Fillp., 327. 



•■* A. S. H., Flor. Bras. Mer., i. 26, t. 4.— 

 EiciiL., Mart. Flor. Bras., Ma/jnoliac, 123, 

 t. 28, 29. — Hook., Icon., t. ccviii-ccxii. 



•* Hook. & Thojis., op. cit., 74-82. 

 '^ TuuNBG., Flor. Jap. (1784), 236.— Bentk., 

 Fl. Hongkong., 8. 



^ MiQ., Ann. Mus. Litgd. Bat., ii. 257. 



7 Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid., ii. 997.— Gkiseb., FL 

 Brit. W.-Ind., 8. 



8 M.\c\i:s..,Fl.Bor.-Amer., i. 327. — J. Beowne, 

 Trees of Ainer., 1. — A.Geay, 3!an. of Bot. North. 

 TJnit.-Stat., 15; Gen. III., 59, t. 23, 23 lis.— 

 CnAPMAN, Fl. S. Unit.-Stat., 13. 



9 L., Gen., n. 689.— J., Gen., 281.— Lamk, 

 Diet, viii. 137. — G.eetner, Friict., ii. 475, t. 

 158.— DC, Prodr., i. 82.— Spach, Suit, a Bnff., 

 vii. 486. — Endl., Gen., n. 4710. — A. GKAY,Ge«. 

 ///., 63, t. 25.— B. IT., Gen., 19, n. 7.— H. Bn., 

 Adansonia, vi. 66. — Tulipifera Hekm., Lugd.- 

 Bat., 612, ic. — AuAXS., Fam. PL, ii. 365. 



^" The filament is short, dilated into a long 

 connective, which is naked on the inner surface 

 and slightly concave outside. The anther ceils 

 are only seen from without, and often even touch 

 one anotlier on the iiuior edge. The tip of the 

 anther is usually apiculatc. 



