MAGN0LIACE2E. 171 



frequently of a brownish or reddish tint ; while originally there are 

 both starch and green colouring matter. In the same plants, the 

 cells of the cortical parenchyma, which remain thin-walled, are not all 

 of the same dimensions. Here and there some of them become very 

 large and rounded. Their contents, at first green, afterwards yellow, 

 and more or less granular, consist of an oleo-ethereal, odoriferous, 

 volatile substance, to which these barks owe most of their thera- 

 peutical properties.^ The bark is markedly different in the Caneiiea,- 

 not presenting those thick-walled cells so much developed in Drimy- 

 dea. The outer cells form nearly homogeneous layers, having walls 

 of nearly equal thickness ; and within the bark we see the elongated 

 liber cells much developed, forming flexuous bundles, which project 

 like prisms or wedges into the parenchyma. 



With such considerable variations in the structure of the funda- 

 mental organs, especially the flower, it is impossible that the 

 MagnoliacecB should not possess multiple affinities. And in the 

 first place, we find that in organization they are very near most of 

 the orders termed Polijcarpccce, especially Anonacea, Dilleniacece, 

 Rammcidacece, and Menispermoccce. The Auonacece, which were, as we 

 have seen, so long united with them, only differ in one character — 

 their ruminated album.en. None of the other characters cited by 

 authors is constant ; neither the aestivation of the perianth, nor the 

 presence or absence of stipules, nor the independence or union of 

 the carpels, nor the union or separation of the sexes. Eiipomcdia, 

 usually referred to Auonacece, especially on account of its ruminated 

 albumen, has exactly the exstipulate leaves of certain J/r/^- 

 noUacecs ; and its carpels, sunk in the cavity of the common re- 

 ceptacle, are thus united together into a single mass with the styles 

 alone distinct, like those of Zijgogjjnum. The fruit of AnonacccB is 

 almost always indehiscent ; but that of Anaxagorea consists of true 

 follicles, like those frequently found in Magnoliacea. These last are 

 also closely analogous to Bdleiiiaccce. It is true that till very recentl}' 

 it might be remarked that the Ddleniacem are not aromatic, and that 



more nearly equal, and they are rarely solitary, stance is produced, nearly homogeneous, niul of a 



more usually aggregated to form irregular whitish yellowish colour. 



masses. - EiciiLEU, loc.cil. Thisbotanist hasfouudtliat 



' In time, a solid balsamic and resinous sub- in D.imys the periderm aud suber are wanting. 



