322 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



consistini,' in the presence of four cortical fibro-vascular bundles, 

 corresponding with the angles of the stem. These accessory bundles 

 are related to the decussate leaves which spring from the branches.* 

 The epidermic layer is also the seat of a certain number of inte- 

 resting modifications. Both on the axes and on the appendages, 

 it often bears ridges, wrinkles, hairs, or scales. Very few of the 

 Monimiacea are completely glabrous. Even Hedycarya arborea, in 

 which the surface appears very smooth, has some simple hairs on 

 the young branches and the veins of the leaves. In the Calycanthece 

 these hairs are quite characteristic. Their bases consist of 

 rough prominent epidermic cells." The hairs themselves, conical 

 and bent like a bird's claw, lie on the surface of the leaf with their 

 points towards its apex ; so that the leaf only feels rough when the 

 finger is passed towards the base. On the leaves of Peumus Boldiis are 

 similar hairs, but they are thinner and less rigid; some are simple, 

 while others are stipitate, afibrding a transition towards the stellate 

 hairs of Monimia,^ Palmeria, and certain species of Sipanma. In these 

 three genera the hairs may consist of a large number of equal 

 diverging branches ; or its upper part may simulate a simple hair, 

 through the enormous development of the terminal branch, while the 

 lateral branches are very short in proportion, only forming a slight 

 swelling near its base. Several species of S'qmruna possess only 

 sessile stellate hairs ; in others, again, the part of the leaf bearing 

 the hair forms a conical elevation, so that the hair radiates from the 

 apex of a more or less rigid prickle. Finally, several Sijnirmias, 

 especially S. Conuleum, are covered with peltate, radiated, scaly hairs, _ 

 altogether like those of the Elaaynacca. H 



Affinities. — The Monimiacea were formerly put near the Urti- 

 cacea, especially the ArfocarpecB, by those botanists only w^ho con- 

 founded the floral receptacle of Srimruna, Tamboicrissa, and other 

 allied genera, with the similarly formed receptacle bearing the 



Tbetih., Ueb. ein. Arten anomal. Eolzbild. ^ Qn the superior suiface of the leaf (see p. 286. 



f>e^ I),cotyl.,Bot.Zeit.(\S\1),^1d.—GkVmcu., note 4) these hairs are far more developed iu 



in (iriLLEM. Arch. Bot., ii. 493. This relation is Chimonanthtis than iu Calycanthns. 



also demonstrated by the fact that in those ab- 3 Tulasne {Hon., 275) admits the existence 



normal branches where the leaves become alter- of these stony concretions, called by Weddell 



nate, and are aiTanged in a spiral, whose angular cystoliths, in the leaves of Monimia and 



divergence is ?, there are five of these accessory Peumus. 

 bundles in the bark. (See Adansonia, \x. lOG.) 



