364 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



Rubus idans {Raspberry). 



contestod, ami considered as mere forms or varieties by certain 

 autli«)rs, wlu) only admit about one luindred true species. They are 

 Ibuiul in tlir warm and temperate regions of all five quarters of the 

 ^lobe.' Nothin<j: can be more variable than their vegetative organs. 

 In our country they are sarmentose shrubs, prickly, glabrous, tomen- 

 tose, glandular, or covered with a whitish waxy dust. Elsewhere 

 they are little perennial prostrate creeping herbs. This is the 



case with Dalibarda,- consisting of plants from 

 America and Asia, which only differ from the 

 true Brambles in the thinner fleshy portion of 

 their pericarp. The number of carpels is, it is 

 true, sometimes smaller and nearly definite ; but 

 this peculiarity is also found in several of the 

 true liubi. Tlie leaves of the Brambles are often 

 lobed, or compound with three or five leaflets, or 

 even imparipinnate with indefinite leaflets ; they 

 sometimes resemble those of the Rose, sometimes 

 those of Gei'.m, Fragaria, or Sjjiraa ; more rarely 

 they are simple, as in the Pear or the Plum. 

 They always possess two lateral petiolary stipules. The flowers are 

 rarely solitary ; they are usually cymose, axillary or terminal, often 

 collected near the tops of the branches into simple or ramified 

 cymes described as panicles or thyrses. In this case the leaves to 

 which the cymes are axillary become gradually smaller and simpler, 

 and are finally reduced to narrow bracts. 



Fig. 131. 

 Fruit. 



' TiirNB., De Rubo, 1813.— Eudb., Rub. 

 bum., 1716. — Paull., De Cbamacm. Norv., 

 167G.— Cami.r., De Rub., id., 1721.— Scuulz., 

 De Rub. id., 174-1. — Akkiien., Mon. Rub. Suec, 

 1840.— Neks & Weiue, Rub. German., 1820.- 

 Walbst. & KiTAiB., IH. Ilungar. Mar., t. 141, 

 268. — CiuKN., Mon. des Rub. des Envir. de 

 Naiirif, 1843. — GuEN. & (iODE., Fl. de Fr., i. 

 53(>. — CiiAuoiss., Bull. ISoc. Bot. de Fr. vii. 

 2{i8. — Habinot., ISyn. of Brit. Rub., 1840, 

 Suppl., 1850; The British Ruhi, 1867. — 

 Jaiq., Voy., t. 5U, 60.— H. R. K., Nov. Gen. 

 et Sptc, vi. 172, t. 557, 558. — Toee. <t Ge., 

 PI. N. Amer., i. 44'J. — \. {j\ikY, Man. of Bot., 

 ed. V. 156.— CuAPM., Fl. S. Unit.-States, 124.— 

 ToKH. & (iK., ap. Wn>PL. 161-.— Wedd., Chlor. 

 And., ii. 231.— C. GAY.i-V. C/iii, ii. 307.— Hook. 

 F., Fl.Antarcl.,Y.\\. 263; Handb. oflhe N.-Zeal. 

 FL, 54.— Skkm., Herald, 282, 376.— Re>tu., 



Fl. Austral., ii. 429 ; Fl. Honglc. 104.— Roxb., 

 Fl.Ind., ii. 516.— MlQ., Fl. Ind.-Bat., i. p. i. 

 373; Mils. Lvgd. Bat., iii. 34.— Wight, Icon., 

 t. 225, 231, 232.— Thwait., Emm. PL ZeyL, 

 101.— Hart. & Sond., Fl. Cap., ii. 286.— 

 Hook., Icon., t. 46, 349, 729, 730, 741, 742, 

 LiNDL., Bot. Reg., t. 1368, 1424, 1607.— 

 Walp., Rep., ii. 13, 912; v. 649; Ann., i. 972; 

 ii. 467 ; iii. 855; iv. 657. 



- L., Siiec., ed. 1, 431. — MiCHX., Fl. Bor.- 

 Am., i. 299, t. 27.— Lamk., i)/e!!., vi. 249; 

 Suppl., iv. 696; III., t. 441, tig. 3.— Nestl., 

 Pot., 16, 1. 1.— DC, Prodr., ii. 568.— ToER. & 

 Ge., Fl. N. Amer., i. 449. — Endi., Gen., n. 

 6359. — Tbe carpels are sometimes very nume- 

 rous in tbese plants. Tlioy are said to become 

 acbencs ; but we liave seen that in several spe- 

 cies, they become nearly as Heshy when ripe as 

 in our indigenous IJrambles. 



