38,5 S ATI' HAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



rest in tlirccs superposed to the petals. Each consists of a free fila- 

 ment, and an introrse two-celled anther, dehiscing longitudinally. The 

 fomalo flower has the same perianth, but the stamens have only 

 small sterile anthers, and on the slightly prominent summit of the 

 receptacle are inserted five free alternipetaloiis carpels, each consist- 

 ing of a one-celled ovary, and a style inserted on the ventral angle, 

 with a dilated two-lobed stigmatiferous apex. Within the ven- 

 tral angle of each ovary we observe a parietal placenta, bearing two 

 vertical rows of more or less ascending imbricated anatropous ovules. 

 The concavity of the receptacle is lined by a layer of glandular tissue. 

 The multiple fruit consists of five follicles in a star; they are originally 

 ascending, but rapidly become bent back, so that their free ends 

 look outwards and downwards, while above, at a slightly higher 

 level than the base, is an obtuse hump.' The seeds are numerous, 

 with terminal wings, as in QuUlaja, and exalbuminous. Three or 

 four species of KaijcnecUd- are known, trees from Chili and Peru. 

 Their leaves are alternate, coriaceous, and persistent, with two cadu- 

 cous stipules at the base. The flowers are terminal, or more rarely 

 nxilhuy. The female flowers are collected in cymose panicles. 



The hermaphrodite flowers of Vauquelinia^ (figs. 452-455) also 

 difler but little from those of Quillaja. The concave receptacle lined 

 by a layer of glandular tissue with entire edges, the five valvate 

 sepals, the five imbricate petals, the dry fruit, the winged seeds, are 

 all nearly the same in both genera. The principal differences lie 

 in the I'ruit, and in the number of pieces of the androceum and of 

 ovules. Vai/qiielinia has, in fact, about twenty stamens ;^ of these 

 five are superposed to the petals, five to the sepals, while of the ten 

 others one stands on either side of each of the latter set. They all 

 possess free perigynous filaments, and introrse two-celled anthers, 

 which dehisce longitudinally and then become versatile. Here, also, 

 the receptacle is slightl}^ prominent in the centre to give insertion to 

 the gyna}ceum. This consists of five alternipetalous carpels, incom- 

 pletely united below into a five-celled ovary," but quite free in their 



• The orpiiiic apex. Prodr., ii. 5l7.— Endl., Gen., n. G398.— B. H., 



' II. H. K., Nov. Oen. et Spec, \\. 18G.— Gc»., 615, n. 30. 



C. Gay, /7. C/*//., ii. 201).— Linui,., Bof. Big., * We sometimes find twenty-five, owing to the 



t. lS3t). — Wai.I'., licp., ii. r)2; Ann., iii. 857. deduplication of the alternipetalous ones. 



» Cork., in H. H., /V. JiV/i//«., i. 1 10, 1. 10.— * As in Spirma Lindleyana and the allied 



H. U. K., y<>r. Gen. ct Spec, vi. 187. — Pom., species (see p. 37G, note 6), which Hnk together 



Diet., Suppl., V. 150; ///., cent. 10, ic. — DC, the two genera J^anqnelinia nn(\ Spiraa. 



