^^ NATURAL HISTOIiY OF PLANTS. 



Keceptacle and leaves of calyx and calycle persisting round base of 

 fruit.— Perennial herbs, usually stolon iferous, villous or silky, more 

 rarely i^labrous ; subterranean stem (sympodium) thick woody ; 

 leaves alternate, trifoliolate,more rarely pinnate; stipules membranous 

 aduate to sheathing base of petiole ; llowers terminal or leaf-opposed, 

 solitary or more frequently in a cyme terminating a common scape. 

 {'fn/iprra/e and alpine regions all over Northern Hemisphere, mountains 

 of South Jnierica and Mascarene Islands.) See p. 355. 



\:\. Potentilla T. — Flowers (of Fra(/aria) 4-5-merous. Stamens 

 20- UD (^of the Jiosacc(e), more rarely 10 {Horkelia), or 5, opposite 

 cither sepals {Sibhaldia, Ivesia), or petals {Chamcerhodos). Carpels oo, 

 (of Fragaria), rarely few or 1 {Stellariopsis) ; style often articulated 

 at base terminal or ventral. x\chenes (of Fragaria) inserted on 

 tiiiully dry or spongy receptacle. Other characters of Fragaria. — 

 Herbs or undershrubs ; leaves alternate, digitate or pinnate ; stipules 

 adiiate to base of petiole. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or 

 in corymbose cymes. {All temperate and cold regions^ See p. 357. 



11. Rubus L. — Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous; recep- 

 tacle disk and perianth of Fragaria ; calyx ecalyculate, imbricate or 

 liually valvate. Stamens go (of the Rosacea). Carpels co , more rarely 

 h'W ; ovary usually 2-ovulate ; ovules collateral descending ; micropyle 

 superior extrorse ; style subterminal. Drupes co , 1 -seeded, inserted on 

 dry or spongy conical receptacle ; mesocarp rarely rather thin and 

 hardly fleshy. Seed pendulous ; embr3^o fleshy exalbuminous. — 

 Shrubs, usually sarmentose, aculeate or glandular, rarely creeping 

 herbs : leaves alternate, simple lobed or more rarely imparipinnate ; 

 stipules adnate to petiole ; flowers rarely solitary, usually in axillary 

 or terminal corymbose cymes. {All temperate and warm countries.) 

 See p. 302. 



15. Geum. L. — Flowers of Fragaria; calyx rarely ecalyculate 

 {SfgHjni.s). Carpels co , rarely few sub-definite {Waldsteinia), inserted 

 on short or clavate, entire or plurifid receptacle; ovule 1, subbasilar 

 ascending; micropyle inferior extrorse; style terminal or subter- 

 minal, often articulated at base {Coluria, Waldstemia), straight or 

 geniculate-intlexed, sometimes pilose (Sieversia). Achenes l-oo , 

 terminated by cicatrix of style, or straight or geniculate persistent 



