10 plikt's NATUEAL HISTOET. [Book I. 



Divine speaker^ and that from this circumstance originated 

 the proverb of choosing a tree to hang oneself^. 



1 cannot refrain from quoting the words of Cato the censor, 

 which are so pertinent to this point. It appears from them, 

 that even Cato, who wrote commentaries on military disci- 

 pline^, and who had learned the military art under Aj&icanus, 

 or rather under Hannibal (for he could not endure Afri- 

 canus'', who, when he was his general, had borne away the 

 triumph from him), that Cato, I say, was open to the attacks 

 of such as caught at reputation for themselves by detracting 

 from the merits of others. And what does he say in his 

 book ? " I know, that when I shall publish what I have writ- 

 ten, there will be many who will do all they can to depre- 

 ciate it, and, especially, such as are themselves void of 

 all merit ; but I let their harangues glide by me." Nor was 

 the remark of Plancus* a bad one, when Asinius Pollio® was 

 said to be preparing an oration against him, which was to 

 be published either by himself or his children, after the 

 death of Plancus, in order that he might not be able to 

 answer it: "It is only ghosts that fight with the dead." 

 This gave such a blow to the oration, that in the opinion of 



* His real name was Tyrtamus, but in consequence of the beauty of his 

 style, he acquired the appellation by which he is generally known from 

 the words 9e2os ^pacris. Cicero on various occasions refers to him j 

 Brutus, 121 ; Orator, 17, et alibi. 



2 " Suspendio jam quaerere mortem oportere homines vitseque renunciare, 

 cum tantmn Ucentia), vel feminae, vel imperiti homines sumant, ut in 

 doctissimos scribant;" Hardouru in Lemaire, i. 29. We learn from Cicero, 

 De Nat. Deor. i. 33, that the name of this female was Leontium ;".... 

 sed meretricula etiam Leontium contra Theophrastum scribere ausa 

 sit. " 



3 A. GreUius (vii. 4) refers to this work and gives an extract from it. 



^ The hostihty wliich Cato bore to Scipio Africanus is mentioned by 

 Livy, xxxviii. 54, and by Com. Nepos, Cato, i. 



5 Lucius Mvmatius Plancus took a conspicuous part in the poUtical 

 intrigues of the times and was especially noted for his foUies and extra- 

 vagance. 



^ Asinius Pollio is a name which stands liigh in Roman hterature ; 

 accorduig to the remark of Alexandre, " Yir magnus fuit, prono tamen 

 ad obtrectandimi ingenio, quod arguunt ejus cum Cicerone simultates," 

 Lemaire, i. 30. This hostile feehng towards Cicero is supposed to have 

 proceeded from envy and mortification, because he was xinable to attain 

 the same eminence in the art of oratory with his illustrious rivaL See 

 Hardouin's Lidex Auctorum, in Lemaire, i. 168. 



