Chap. 67.] NAVIGATION OF THE OCEAN. 99 



along Mauritania, has now been navigated. Indeed the 

 greater part of this region, as well as of the east, as far as the 

 Arabian Gulf, was surveyed in consequence of Alexander's 

 victories. When Caius da^sar, the son of Augustus^, had the 

 conduct of affairs in that country, it is said that they found the 

 remains of Spanish vessels which had been WTecked there. 

 WTiile the power of Carthage was at its height, Hanno pub- 

 lished an account of a voyage which he made from Gades to 

 the extremity of Arabia' ; Himilco was also sent, about the 

 same time, to explore the remote parts of Europe. Besides, 

 we learn from Com.Nepos, that oneEudoxus, a contemporary 

 of his', when he was flying from king Lathyrus, set out from 

 the Arabian Gulf, and wa^ carried as far as Gades ^. And long 

 before him, Caelius Antipater' informs us, that he had seen 

 a person who had sailed from Spain to ^Ethiopia for the pur- 

 poses of trade. The same Cornelius Nenos, when speaking of 

 the northern circumnavigation, tells us tnat Q.MetellusCeler, 

 the colleague of L. Afranius in the consulship, but then a 

 proconsul in Gaul", had a present made to him by the king 

 of the Suevi, of certain Indians, who sailing from India for 

 the purpose of commerce, had been driven by tempests into 

 Germany'. Thus it appears, that the seas which now com- 



different parts of his work, ii. 112 and vi 7, appear so inconsistent with 

 each other, that we must suppose he indiscriminately borrowed them from 

 various writers, without comparing their accounts, or endeavouring to 

 i*econcile them to each other. Such inaccuracies may be thought almost 

 to justify the censure of Alexandre, who styles our author, " indiligens 

 plane veri et falsi compilator, et ubi di:>sentlunt auctores, nunquam aut 

 raro sibi constans." Lemaire, i. 378. 



' The son of Agrippa, whom Augustus adopted. Hardouin, in Lemaire, 

 i. 378. 



* See Beloe's Herodotus, ii. 393, 394, for an account of the voyage 

 round Africa that was performed by the Phoenicians, who were sent to 

 explore those parts by Necho king of Egypt. 



3 It is generally supposed that C. Nepos lived in the century previous 

 to the Christian sera. Ptolemy Lathyrus commenced his reign U.C. 627 

 or B.C. 117, and reigned for 36 years. The references made to C. Nepos 

 are not foimd in any of his works now extant. 



^ We have previously referred to Eudoxus, note ', p. 78. 



^ "We have a brief accoxmt of Antipater in Hardouin's Lidex Auctorumj 

 Lemaire, i. 162. 



^ We are informed by Alexandre that this was in the year of the City 691, 

 the same year in which Cicero was consul ; see note in Lemaire, i. 379. 



7 It is scarcely necessary to remark, that the account here given must 



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