Chap. 106.] WONDEEB OF FOTJNTArNS AKD EIYEES. 136 



springs, which increase and decrease at the same time with 

 the tides of the sea'. In the territory of Pitinum, on the 

 other side of the Apennines, the river Novamis, which 

 during the solstice is quite a torrent, is dry in the winter'^. 



In Ealiscum, all the water which the oxen drink turns 

 them white; in Boeotia, the river Melas turns the sheep 

 black ; the Cephissus, which flows out of a lake of the same 

 name, turns them white^ ; again, the Peneus turns them 

 black, and the Xanthus, near Ilium, makes them red, whence 

 the river derives its name*. In Pontus, the river Astaces 

 waters certain plains, where the mares give black milk, which 

 the people use in diet. In Eeate there is a spring called 

 Neminia, which rises up sometimes in one place and sometimes 

 in another, and in this way indicates a change in the produce 

 of the earth^. There is a spring in the harbour of Brundisium 

 that yields water which never becomes putrid at sea. The 

 water of the Lyncestis, which is said to be acidulous, intoxi- 

 cates like wine® ; this is the case also in Paphlagonia' and in 

 the territory of Calenum*. In the island of Andros, at the 

 temple of Father Bacchus, we are assured by Mucianua, 

 who was thrice consul, that there is a spring, which, on the 

 nones of January, always has the flavour of wine ; it is called 



' Hardouin informs us, that these warm springs are called " i bagni di 

 Monte Falcone," or " di S. Antonio." They are situate so very near the 

 sea, that we may suppose some communication to exist, which may pro- 

 duce the alleged effect. Lemaire. 



3 According to Hardouin this is the modem Torre di Pitino ; he con- 

 ceives that the river here mentioned must be the Vomanus. The effect 

 here described is, to a certain extent, always the case with rivers which 

 proceed from mountains that are covered with snow. Lemaire, i. 445. 



3 Seneca, Nat. Qusest. iii. 25, makes the same remark : the fact would 

 Beem to be, that in certain districts the cattle are found to be for the most 

 part white, and in other places black ; but we have no reason to suppose 

 that their colour has any connexion with the water which they employ. 



* This is asserted by Aristotle, Hist. Anim. iii. 12. We have a simHar 

 statement made by jElian respecting the Scamander ; viii. 21. 



* " Annonge»mutationem significans." 



^ The peculiar nature of the water of the Lyncestis is referred to by 

 many of the ancients : we may suppose that it was strongly impregnated 

 with carbonic acid gas. See Ovid, Met. xv. 329-331 ; also Aristotle, 

 Meteor, ii. 3, and Seneca, Nat. Qusest. iii. 20. 



7 Vitruvius and Athenseus. 



8 Calenum was a town in Campania ; this peculiar property of its 

 water is referred to by Yal. Maximus, i. 8, 18. 



