Chap. 113.] DIMENSIONS OF THE EAETH. 145 



coast of Spain, 331 miles; across the passage of Gaaes 7^ 

 miles ; which distances, according to the estimate of Arte- 

 midonis, make altogether 8945 miles. 



The breadth of the earth, from south to north, is commonly 

 supposed to be about one-half only of its length, Wz. 4490 

 miles ; hence it is evident how much the heat has stolen from 

 it on one side and the cold on the other : for I do not sup- 

 pose that the land is actually wanting, or that the earth has 

 not the form of a globe ; but that, on each side, the unin- 

 habitable parts have not been discovered. This measure 

 then extends from the coast of the Ethiopian ocean, the 

 most distant part which is habitable, to Meroe, 1000 miles^ ; 

 thence to Alexandria 1250 ; to Khodes 562 ; to Cnidos 87| ; 

 to Cos 25 ; to Samos 100 ; to Chios 94 ; to Mitylene 65 ; to 

 Tenedos 44 ; to the promontory of Sigseum 12^ ; to the en- 

 trance of the Euxine 312^ ; to the promontory of Carambis 

 350 ; to the entrance of the Palus Mseotis 312^ ; and to the 

 mouth of the Tanais 275 miles, which distance, if we went 

 by sea, might be shortened 89 miles. Beyond the Tanais 

 the most diligent authors have not been able to obtain any 

 accurate measurement. Artemidorus supposes that every- 

 thing beyond is undiscovered, since he coidesses that, about 

 the Tanais, the tribes of the Sarmatae dwell, who extend 

 towards the north pole. Isidorus adds 1250 miles, as the 

 distance to Thule' ; but this is mere conjecture. For my 

 part, I believe that the boundaries of Sarmatia really extend 

 to as great a distance as that mentioned above : for if it 

 were not very extensive, how could it contain the innume- 

 rable tribes that are always changing their residence ? And 

 indeed I consider the uninhabitable portion of the world to 

 be stiU greater ; for it is well known that there are innu- 



* The same remarks may be made upon this and the following num- 

 bers as upon those in the former paragraph ; for further information I 

 shall refer my readers to the notes of Hardouin, Brotier, and Alexandre, 

 in Lemaire, i. 465-468. 



3 There is great uncertainty respecting the locality of the Thule of 

 the ancients ; there was, in fact, nothing known respecting the locahty 

 or identity of any of the places approaching to the Arctic circle ; the 

 name appears to have been vaguely appUed to some country lying to the 

 north of the habitable parts of Europe. In note ', p. 109, 1 have already 

 had occasion to offer some remarks on the locahty of Thule. Our author 

 speaks of Thule in two subsequent parts of his work, iv. 30 and vi 39. 



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