Chap. 113.] rOEEIGN AUTHOBS QUOTED. 149 



rean* Philosophers, Posidonius^, Anaximander', EpigeneB"* 

 the philosopher who wTote on Gnomonics, Euclid*, Coera- 

 ims* the philosopher, Eudoxus*^, Demoeritus*, Critodemus', 

 Thrasyllus'", !Serapion^\ Dicsearehus", Archimedes '', Onesi- 



* " Pythagoricis" here may either mean the works of the followers ol 

 Pythagoras of Samoa, or the books which were written by that philoso- 

 pher. PUny, in Books 19, 20, and 24, speaks of several writings of Py- 

 thagoras, and Diogenes Laertius mentions others ; but it is more gene- 

 rally supposed that he wrote nothing, and that everything that passed by 

 his name in ancient times was spurious. 



3 A Stoic philosopher of Apamea in Syria. He was the mstructor of 

 Cicero, and the friend of Pompey. He wrote works on history, divina- 

 tion, the tides, and the nature of the gods. Some fragments oiily have 

 survived. 



' Of Miletus, was bom B.C. 610, and was the successor of Thales, the 

 founder of the Ionian school of philosophy. He is said to have first 

 tauglit the obhquity of the ecUptic and the use of the gnomon. 



* A pliilosopher of Rhodes or Byzantium. Seneca says that he boasted 

 of having studied astronomy among the Chaldeans. He is mentioned by 

 Yarro and Columella as having written on rural matters, and is praised 

 by Censorinus. 



* Of Alexandria, the great geometrician, and instructor of Ptolemy I. 

 He was the founder ot the mathematical school of Alexandria. 



* He was a Greek by birth, and hved in the time of Nero. He is 

 extolled by Tacitus, B. 14, for his superlative wisdom, beyond which 

 notliing is known of hira. 



7 Of Cnidus, an astronomer and l^islator who flourished B.C. 366. He 

 was a friend and chsciple of Plato, and said to have been the first who 

 taught in Greece the motions of the planets. His works on astronomy 

 and geometry are lost, but his Phsenomena have been preserved by Aratus, 

 who turned liis prose into verse. 



8 Born at Abdera in Tlirace, about B.C. 460. He was one of the founders 

 of the atomic theorj-, and looked upon peace of mind as thesummum honum 

 of mortals. He wrote works on the nature and organization of the world, 

 on physics, on contagious maladies, on the chameleon, andon other subjects. 



^ A Grecian a:?tronomer. A work of his, called " Apotelesmatica," is 

 said to be preserved in the Imperial Library at Vienna. 



^" An astrologer of Rhodes, patronized by Augustus and Tiberius. He 

 wrote a work on Stones, and a History of Egypt. Tacitus, in his Annals, 

 B. vi., speaks highly of his skill in astrology. 



" A geographer of Antioch, and an opponent of the views of Erato- 

 sthenes. Cicero declares that he himself was unable to understand a 

 thousandth part of his work. 



^ A Peripatetic philosopher and geographer, of Messina in Sicily. He 

 studied under Aristotle and wrote several works, the principal of which 

 was an account of the history, geography, and moral and religious con- 

 dition of Greece. A few fragments only are extant. 



^ Of Syracuse, the most famous mathematician of antiquity, bom B.C. 



