150 pliny's NATUEAL HISTOET. [Book II. 



critus\ Eratosthenes^, Pytheas"'', Herodotus^, Aristotle'"^, 

 Ctesias^, Artemidorus' of Epliesus, Isidorus' of Charax, and 

 Theopompus^. 



287. A few only of his works have come down to us, pubhshed at Ox- 

 ford in 1792, by ToreUi. 



1 Bom either at Astypalaea or ^gina. He was chief pilot of the 

 fleet of Alexander during the descent of the Indus and the voyage to the 

 Persian Grulf. He wrote a work called the " Alexandropsedia," or Edu- 

 cation of Alexander. In his description of what he saw in India, many 

 fables and falsehoods are said to have been interwoven, so much so tliat 

 the work (which is now lost) is said to have resembled a fiable more than 

 a history. • 



2 Of Gyrene, bom B.C. 276. He was invited from Athens by Ptolemy 

 Euergetes, to become keeper of the hbrary at Alexandria. He was a man 

 of most extensive erudition, as an astronomer, geographer, philosopher, 

 historian and grammarian. .AH of his writings have perished, with the 

 exception of a few fragments on geographical subjects. 



' Of Massiha, now Marseilles, a celebrated navigator who flourished 

 about the time of Alexander the Great. In his voyages he visited Britain 

 and Thule, of which he probably gave some account in his work " on the 

 Ocean." He has been wrongfully accused of falsehood by Strabo. An- 

 otlier work .written by him was his " Periplus," or ' Circimmavigation' 

 from Gades to the Tanais, probably, in this mstance, the Elbe. 



*• Of Halicamassus, the father of Grecian history ; bom B.C. 484. 

 Besides his great work which has come down to us, he is supposed to 

 have written a history of Arabia. 



^ Probably the Aiost learned of the Greek philosophers. His works 

 were exceeduigly numerous, and those which have survived to us treat of 

 natural history, metaphysics, physical science, ethics, logic, and general 

 literature. 



^ A native of Cnidus in Caria, and private physician to Artaxerxes 

 Mnemon, having been made prisoner by him at the battle of Cunaxa. He 

 wrote a History of Persia in 23 books, which, with the exception of a small 

 abridgement by Photius and a few fragments, is now lost. He also wrote 

 a book on India. He was much censured, probably without sufficient 

 reason, for the creduhty displayed in his works. 



7 Of Ephesus, a geographer, who Hved about B.C. 100. He wrote a Peri- 

 plus, and a work on Geography ; a few fragments only of abridgements 

 of these have survived. 



8 Of Charax in Parthia, of which country he wrote an account which 

 still exists. He flourished in the reign of Augustus. 



8 Of Chios, a celebrated historian, and disciple of the orator Isocratee. 

 His principal works were a History of Greece, and a Life of Philip of 

 Macedon, father of Alexander the Great. 



