156 plint's natfbal history. [Book HI. 



to which is Grades, of which we shall have occasion to speak 

 among the islands\ Next comes the Promontory of Juno^, 

 and the port of Bajsippo^ ; the towns of Boelo'' and Mellaria'', 

 at which latter begin the Straits of the Atlantic ; Carteia^, 

 called by the Greeks Tartessos' ; and the mountain of Calpe. 

 Along the coast of the inland sea* is the town of Barbesula^ 

 with its river ; also Salduba^" ; the town of Suel" ; and then 

 Malaca^^, with its river, one of the federate towns. Next to tliis 

 comes Maenoba'^, with its river ; then Sexifirmum^^, surnamed 



» In the Fourth Book, c. 36. « rj^e present Cape Trafalgar. 



* Hardouin says that the present Vejer is the place meant, while otliers 

 have suggested Puerto de Santa Maria, or Cantillana. Others again 

 identify it with Bejer de la Frontera, though that place probably Hes too 

 far inland. The Roman ruins near Porto Barbato were probably its site. 



* Hardouin and other commentators suggest that the site of the pre- 

 sent Tarifa is here meant ; it is more probable however that D'Anville is 

 right in suggesting the now deserted town of Bolonia. 



^ Probably the present Tarifa. 



^ The exact site of Carteia is unknown ; but it is generally supposed 

 to have stood upon the bay which opens out of the straits on the west of 

 the Rock of Gibraltar, now called the Bay of Algesiras or Gibraltar ; and 

 upon the hill at the head of the bay of El Rocadillo, about half-way 

 between Algesiras and Gibraltar. 



7 We learn also from Strabo, that Tartessus was the same place as 

 Carteia ; it is not improbable that the former was pretty nearly the 

 Phoenician name of the place, and the latter a Roman corruption of it, 

 and that in it originated the 'Tarshish' of Scripture, an appellation 

 apparently given to the whole of the southcn part of the Spanish penin- 

 sula. Probably the Greeks preserved the appellation of the place more 

 in conformity with the original Phoenician name. 



^ By the "inland sea" Pliny means the Mediterranean, in contra- 

 distinction to the Atlantic Ocean without the Straits of Cadiz. 



^ The ruins of this place, probably, are still to be seen on the east bank 

 of the river Guadiaro, here alluded to. 



^^ With its river flowing by it. This place is probably the present 

 MarbeUa, situate on the Rio Verde, 



" Probably the present Castillo de Torremolinos, or else Castillo de 

 Fuengirola. 



^2 The present city of Malaga. Hardouin thinks that the river Gua- 

 dalquivireio is here meant, but as that is some miles distant from the city, 

 it is more probable that the Guadalmedina, which is much nearer to it, 

 is the stream alluded to. 



13 Not improbably Velez Malaga, upon a river of the same name. 

 Hardouin thinks that the place is the modem Torrox on the Fiu Frio, 

 and D'Anville the present city of Almunecar, on the Rio Verde. 



" Most probably the present Almunecar, but it is xmcertain. D'An- 



