Chap. 8.] ACCOUNT OF COFNTEIES, ETC. 187 



a district which begins at the river Macra, and has often 

 changed its name. At an early period the Umbri were ex- 

 pelled from it by the Pelasgi ; and these again by the Lydians, 

 who from a king of theirs^ were named Tyrrheni, but after- 

 wards, from the rites observed in their sacrifices, were called, 

 in the Greek language^, Tusci. The first town in Etruria is 

 Luna^, with a noble harbour, then the colony of Luca'*, 

 at some distance from the sea, and nearer to it again the 

 colony of PissB*^, between the rivers Auser*' and Arnus', which 

 owes its origin to Pelops and the Pisans', or else to the Teu- 

 tani, a people of Greece. Next is Vada^ Volaterrana, then 

 the river Cecinna^", and Populonium" formerly belonging 

 to the Etrurians, the only town they had on this coast. 

 Next to these is the river Prile'-^, then the Umbro^', which is 

 navigable, and where the district of Umbria begins, the port 

 of Telamon", Cosa" of the Volcientes, founded by the Eoman 



^ For an account of this see Herodotus, B. i. c. 94, Tacitus, Ann. B. iv. 

 c. 55, and Volleius Paterculus, B. i. c. 1. These writers all agree as to the 

 fact of the migration of a colony of Lydians under the conduct of Tyr- 

 rhenus to the part of Italy afterwards called Etruria. This subject how- 

 ever, as well as the migrations of the Pelasgi, is involved in the greatest 

 obscurity. 



2 From the Greek verb Oveiv " to sacrifice," he impUes : — from their 

 custom of frequently sacrificing, says Servius, on the Xth Book of 

 the ^neid. Dionysius of Hahcamaasus says that they were from their 

 frequent sacrifices called Ovoctkooi. These are probably fanciful deriva- 

 tions ; but there is no doubt that the people of Etruria were for several 

 centuries the instructors of the Romans in the arts of sacrifice, augury, 

 and divination. 



3 The ruins of Luna, which was destroyed by the Normans in the 

 middle ages, are still visible on the banks of the Magra. The modem 

 name of the port is Golfo della Spezzia. 



* The modem city of Lucca has its site and name. — Livy, B. xli. c. 13, 

 informs us that this colony was founded in the year of the city 576, during 

 the Consulship of Claudius Pulcher and Sempronius Gracchus. 



5 The modem city of Pisa. See Virgil, B. x. 1. 179, as to the origin 

 of this place. * The modem Serchio. 7 Now the Amo. 



® The people of Pisa or Pisae, a city of Ehs in the Peloponnesus. 



* Now Vadi, a small village on the sea-shore. 



10 Still called the Cecina. It entered the Tyrrhenian sea, near the 

 port of Vada Volaterrana just mentioned. 



11 The present Piombino is supposed to have arisen from the ruins of 

 this place. ^ Now the Bruno. i^ The modem Ombrone. 



1^ Now known as Telamone Vecchio. 



15 There are ruins near lake Orbitello, which bear the name of Cosa ; 



