Giap. 9.] ACCOUNT OF COTTNTEIES, ETC. 191 



Crustumerium^ and Caletra^ retain the names of the ancient 

 towns. 



CHAP. 9. — THE riEST REGION OF ITALT^ ; THE TIBEE ; EOME. 



The Tiber or Tiberis, formerly called Thybris, and pre- 

 viously Albula^, flows down from nearly the central part of 

 the chain of the Apennines, in the territory of the Arretini. 

 It is at first small, and only navigable by means of sluices, 

 in which the water is dammed up and then discharged, in the 

 same manner as the Timia^ and the Glanis, which flow into 

 it ; for which purpose it is found necessary to collect the water 

 for nine days, unless there should happen to be a fall of rain. 

 And even then, the Tiber, by reason of its rugged and uneven 

 channel, is really more suitable for navigation by rafts than 

 by vessels, for any great distance. It winds along for a 

 course of 150 miles, passing not far from Tifernum^, Perusia, 

 and Ocriculum^, and dividing Etruria from the Umbri^ and 

 the Sabini^, and then, at a distance of less than sixteen 



fensible site. The new city was the birth-place of Sejanus, the worthless 

 favoxvrite of Tiberius. Of the ancient city there are scarcely any remains. 



^ Called also Crustumeria, Crustumium, and Crustuminium. It was 

 a city of Latiuin on the borders of the Sabine country, and was subdued 

 by Romulus, though it afterwards appears as independent in the time of 

 Tarquinius Priscus. The territory was noted for its fertility. The exaet 

 site of the city is unknown ; a place called Marcighana Vecchia, about 

 nine miles from Rome, seems the most probable. 



*^ The site of Caletra is quite unknown. It was situate at some point 

 in the present valley of the Albegna. 



•^ The First Region extended irora the Tiber to the Gulf of Salemum, 

 being bounded in the interior by the Apennines. It consisted of ancient 

 Latium and Campania, comprising the modem Campagna di Roma, and 

 the provinces of the kingdom of Kaples. 



■* Livy, B. i. c. 3, and Ovid, Fasti, B. iii. 1. 389, inform us that the 

 name of Albula was changed into Tiberis in consequence of king Tiberinus^ 

 being accidentally drovraed in it. 



^ Still known by that name. The Grlanis is called la Chiana. 



^ According to D'Anville, now known as Citta di Castello. 



7 A mimicipal town of TJmbria, situate near the confluence of the 

 rivers Nar and Tiber, and on the Flaminian Way. There are the ruins 

 of an aqueduct, an amphitheatre, and some temples, now the modem 

 OtricoH. 



8 The territory of Umbria extended from the left bank of the Tiber, 

 near its rise, to the Adriatic. 



9 The Sabines occupied the left bank of the Tiber from the TJmbri 



