Chap. 21.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTEIES, ETC. 247 



Segusio ; and, at the foot of the Alps, the colony of Augusta 

 Taurinorum\ at which place the Padus becomes navigable, 

 and which was founded by the ancient race of the Ligurians, 

 and of Augusta Praetoria'-' of the Salassi, near the two passes 

 of the Alps, the Grecian^ and the Penine (by the latter it is 

 said that the Carthaginians passed into Italy, by the Grecian, 

 Percules) — the town of Eporedia^, the foundation of which 

 by the Roman people was enjoined by the Sibylline books ; 

 the Gauls call tamers of horses by the name of "Epore- 

 diae" — Vercellaa^, the town of the Libici, derived its origin 

 from the Salluvii, and Novaria*, founded by the Vertacoma- 

 cori, is at the present day a district of the V ocontii, and not, 

 as Cato supposes, of the Ligurians ; of whom two nations, 

 called the Laevi and the Marici, founded Ticinum', not far 

 from the Padus, as the Boii, descended from the Transalpine 

 nations, have founded Laus Pompeia* and the Insubres Me- 

 diolanum^. 



modem Saluzzo, on the north bonk of the Po. Segusio occupied the 

 Bite of the modern Susa. 



* Augusta of the Taurini. The present city of Turin stands on its 

 site. It was made a Roman colony by Augustus. With the exception 

 of some inscriptions, Turin retains no restiges of antiquity. 



' The present city of Aosta occupies its site. This was also a Roman 

 colony fovmded by Augustus, after he had subdued the Salassi. It was, 

 as Pliny says in C. 5, the extreme point of Italy to the north. The remains 

 of the ancient city are of extreme magnificence. 



" The Grecian pass of the Alps was that now known as the Little St. 

 Bernard ; while the Penine pass was the present Great St. Bernard. 

 Livy in his History, B. xxi. c. 38, points out the error of taking these 

 mountains to have derived their name from the Pceni or Carthaginians. 

 There is no doubt that they took their name horn, the Celtic word signi- 

 fying a moimtain, which now forms the "Pen" of the Welsh and the 

 "Ben" of the Scotch. 



* Now called Ivrea or Lamporeggio, at the entrance of the valley of 

 the Salassi, the present Val d' Aosta. There are some remains of the 

 ancient town to be seen. 



* The present town of YerceUi stands on its site. 



* Now called Novara, in the Duchy of Milan. 



7 It became a Roman mimicipal town, but owes its greatness to the 

 Lombard kings who made it their capital, and altered the name to Papia, 

 now Pavia. 



^ " Pompey's Praises." The present Lodi Yecchio marks its site. 



^ It was the capital of the Insubres, a Gallic nation, and was taken by 

 the Romans in B.C. 222, on which it became a municipium and Roman 

 colony. On the division of the empire by Diocletian, it became the 



