Chap. 29.] ACCOXJITT OP COUNTEIES, ITO. 849 



CHAP. 29. (15.) — NINETT-BIX ISLAITDS OF THE GALLIC OCEAN. 



In the Ehine itself, nearly 100 miles in length, is the 

 most famous island' of the Batavi and the Canninefates, as 

 also other islands of the Frisii^ the Chauci, the Frisian 

 bones', the Sturii\ and the Marsacii, which lie between He- 

 lium' and Flevum'. These are the names of the mouths 



Schwarzwald, Odenwald, Spessart, Rh6n, Thuringer Wald, the Harts 

 mountain (which seems in a great measure to have retained the ancient 

 name), Raube Alp, Stei^rwald, Fichtelgebirge, Erzgebirge, and Riesen- 

 gebirge. At a later period •<irhen the mountains of Germany had become 

 better known, the name was appUed to the more limited range extending 

 around Bohemia, and through Moravia into Himgary. 



* This island appears to have been formed by the bifurcation of the 

 Rhine, the northern branch of wliich enters the sea at Katwyck, a few 

 miles north of Leyden, by the Waal and the course of the Maas, alter it haa 

 received the Waal, and by the sea. The Waal or Vahalis seems to have 

 undergone considerable changes, and the place of its junction with the 

 Maas may have varied. Pliny makes the island nearly 100 miles in length, 

 which is about the distance from the fort of Schenienschanz, where the 

 first separation of the Rhine takes place, to the mouth of the Maae. The 

 name of Batavia was no doubt the genuine name, which is still preserved 

 in Betuwe, the name of a district at the bifurcation of the Rhine and the 

 Waal. The Canninefates, a people of the same race as the Batavi, also 

 occupied the island, and as the Batavi seem to have been in the eastern 

 part, it is supposed tliat the Canninefates occupied the western. They 

 were subdued by Tiberius in the reign of Augustus. 



' The Frisii or Frisones were one of the great tribes of north-western 

 Germany, properly belonging to the group of the Ingsevones. They in- 

 habited the country about Lake Flevo and other lakes, between the Rhine 

 and the Ems, so as to be boxmded on the south by the Bructeri, and on 

 the east by the Chauci. Tacitus distinguishes between the Frisii Ma- 

 jores and Minores, and it is supposed that the latter dwelt on the east of 

 the canal of Dnisus in the north of Holland, and the former between the 

 rivers Flevus and Amisia, that is, in the coimtry which still bears the 

 name of Fi'iesland. The Chauci have been previously mentioned. 



3 The Frisiabones or Frissevones are again mentioned in C. 31 of the 

 present Book as a people of Gtiul. In what locahty they dwelt has not 

 been ascertained by historians. 



* The Sturii are supposed to have inhabited the modem South Holland, 

 while the Marsacii probably inhabited the island which the Meuse forms 

 at its junction with the Rliine, at the modem Dortrecht in Zealand. 



' Supposed to be the site of the modem fortress of Briel, situate at 

 the mouth of the Meuse. 



' Probably the same as the modem Vlieland (thus partly retaining its 

 ancient name), an island north of the Texel. The more ancient writers 

 speak of two main arms, into which the Rhine was divided on entering 



