384j pliny's natural histobt. [Book V.. 



the Massaesyli^ ; they in a similar manner have become ex- 

 tinct. Their country is now occupied by the Gsetulian na- 

 tions', the Baniura)^, the Autololes^, by lar the most power- 

 ful people among them all, and the Vesuni, who formerly 

 were a pai-t of the Autololes, but have now separated from 

 them, and, turning their steps towards the ^Jlthiopians*, 

 have formed a distinct nation of their own. This province, 

 in the mountainous district which lies on its eastern side, 

 produces elephants, as also on the heights of Mount Abyla' 

 and among those elevations which, from the similarity of 

 their height, are called the Seven Brothers'. Joining the 

 range of Abyla these mountains overlook the Straits of Gades. 

 At the extremity of this chain begin the shores of the in- 

 land sea ^, and we come to the Tamuda^, a nangable stream, 

 with the site of a former town of the same name, and then 



the deserts of Zahara, whence they had again emerged in the time of the 

 geographer Ptolemy. 



* From the time of the second Punic War this people had remained 

 in undisputed possession of the coimtry situate between the rivers Mo- 

 lochath or Moluga and Ampsaga, which formed the Ctesarian Maurita- 

 nia. Ptolemy speaks of finding some remains of them at Siga, a town 

 pituate on a river of the same name, and at which King Syphax had 

 formerly resided. 



2 While Pomponius Mela does not make any difference between the 

 Mauri and the Gsetuli, Pliny here speaks of them as being essentially 

 different. 



3 Derived, according to Marcus, from the Arabic compound hani-our^ 

 * child of nakedness,' as equivalent to the Greek worA gymneteSy by which 

 name Pliny and other ancient writers designate the wandering naked 

 races of Western Africa. 



* The Autololes or, as Ptolemy calls them, the Autololte, dwelt, it is 

 supposed, on the western coast of Africa, between Cape Cantin and Cape 

 Ger. Their city of Autolala or Autolake is one of Ptolemy's points of 

 astronomical observation, having tlie longest day thirteen hours and a half, 

 being distant three hours and a half west of jUexandria, and having the 

 Sim vertical once a year, at the time of the winter solstice. Eeichard 

 takes it for the modem Agulon or Aquilon. 



5 The ^Ethiopian Daratitee, Marcus says. ^ The present Ceuta. 



7 They were so called from the circumstance, Marcus says, of their 

 peaks being so numerous, and so strongly resembling each other. They 

 are now called, according to D' Anville, ' Gebel Mousa,' wliich means " the '' 

 Mountain of Apes," an animal by which they are now much frequented, 

 instead of by elephants as in Pliny's time. ^ Qr Mediterranean. 



" The modern Bedia, according to Olivarius, the Tasanel, according to 

 Dupinet, and the Alamos or Kerkal, according to Ansart. Marcus says 



