Chap. 3.] ACCOUNT OF COFNTEIES, ETC. 389 



We here find three promontories ; the White Promontory*, 

 the Promontory of Apollo*, facing Sardinia, and that of 

 Mercury', opposite to Sicily, Projecting into the sea these 

 headlands form two gulfs, the first of which bears the name 

 of "Hipponensis" from its proximity to the city called 

 Hippo iu-utus*, a corruption of the Greek name l)iarrhy- 

 tus, which it has received from the channels made for irriga- 

 tion. Adjacent to this place, but at a greater distance from 

 the sea-shore, is Theuclalis', a town exempt from tribute. 

 We then come to the Promontory of Apollo, and upon 

 the second gulf, we find Utica", a place enjoying the rights 

 of Eoman citizens, and famous for the death of Cato ; the 

 river Bagrada^, the place called Castra Cornelia', the co- 

 one-third of the globe, but also in contradistinction to the proconsular 

 province of the Roman empire of the same name, which contained not 

 only the province of Zeugitana, but also those of Numidia, Byzacium, 

 and TripoUs. 



^ Candidum : now Ras-el-Abiad. 



* The references to this headland identify it with Cape Farina, or Ras 

 Sidi Ah-al-Mekhi, and not, as some have thought, the more westerly Cipe 

 Zibeeb or Ras Sidi Bou-Shoushe. Shaw however apphes the name of 

 Zibeeb to the former. • Now Cape Bon, or Ras-Addar. 



* More properly called Hippo Diarrhytus or Zaritus, a Tyrian colony, 

 situate on a large lake wliich communicated with the sea, and received 

 the waters of another lake. Its situation exposed it to frequent inunda- 

 tions, whence, as the Greeks used to state, the epithet SidppvTos. It 

 seems more probable however that this is the remnant of some Phoeni- 

 cian title, as the ancients were not agreed on the true form of the name, 

 and of this uncertainty we have a further proof in the Hippo Diruiu* 

 of our author. 



^ This is placed by Ptolemy to the south-east of Hippo, and near the 

 southern extremity of Lake Sisar. 



^ Tliis important city stood on the north part of the Carthaginian 

 Gulf, west of the mouth of the Bagrada, and twenty-seven Roman miles 

 N.W. of Carthage ; but the site of its ruins at the modem Bou-Shater is 

 now inland, in consequence of the changes made by the Bagrada in the 

 coast-line. In the Third Pimic war Utica took part with the Romans 

 against Carthage, and was rewarded with the greater part of the Car- 

 thaginian territory. 



^ Now called the Mejerdah, and though of very inconsiderable si^e, the 

 chief river of the Carthaginian territory. The main stream is formed 

 by the \mion of two branches, the southern of Avhich, the ancient Bagrada, 

 is now called the MeUig, and in its upper course the Meskianah. The 

 other branch is called the Hamiz. 



® Or the "Cornelian Camp." The spot where Comehus Scipio Africa- 



