Chap. 6.] ACCOtrWT OP COtnTTBtES, ETC. 899 



well as the cities of Alele* and Cilliba'^, we have subdued 

 bj force of arms, as also Cydamus^, which lies over against 

 Sabrata. Al'ter passing these places a range of mountains 

 extends in a prolonged chain from east to west : these have 

 received from our people the name of the Black Moun- 

 tains ^ either from the appearance which they naturally bear 

 of having been exposed to the action of fire, or else from the 

 fact that they have been scorched by the reflection of the 

 sun's rays. Beyond it' is the desert, and then Talgse, a city of 

 tlie G-aramantes, and Debris, at which place there is a spring*, 

 the waters of which, from noon to midnight, are at boiling 

 "heat, and then freeze for as many hours until the following 

 noon; Garama too, that most famous capital of the Ga- 

 ramantes ; all which places have been subdued by the Broman 

 anns. It was on this occasion that Cornelius Balbus'' was 

 honoured ^vith a triumph, the onlv foreigner indeed that was 

 ever honoured with the triumphal chariot, and presented 

 with the rights of a Eoman citizen ; for, although by birth 

 a native of G^des, the Eoman citizenship was granted to him 

 as well as to the eider Balbus', his uncle by the father's side. 

 There is also this remarkable circumstance, that our writers 



* * Now called Tanet-Mellulen, or the station of Mellulen, on the route 

 from Qndamez to Oserona. 



2 Zaouila or Zala, half way between Augyla and Mourzouk. 



^ Now Gbdairiez, which, according to Marcus, is situate almost under 

 the same meridian as Old Tripoli, the ancient Sabrata. 



* According to Marcus this range still bears the name of Gibel-Assoud, 

 which in the Arabic language means the " Black Mountain." 



* In a southerly direction. He alludes probably to the Desert of 

 Bildxdgerid. 



^ Tliis spring is also mentioned by Pliny in B. ii. c. 106. Marcus sug- 

 gests that the l3ebri3 of PUny is the same as the Bedir of Ptolemy. He 

 also remarks that the English traveller Oudney discovered caverns hewn 

 out of the sides of the hills, evidently for the purposes of habitation, but 

 of wliich the use is not known by the present people. These he con- 

 siders to have been the abodes of the ancient Troglodytee or "cave- 

 dwellers." In the Tibesti range of moimtains, however, we find a race 

 called the Eock Tibboos, from the circumstance of their dwelling in caves. 



7 Cornelius Balbus Gaditanus the Younger, who, upon his victories 

 over the Guramantes, obtained a triumph in the year B.C. 19. 



8 L. Cornelius Balbus the Elder, also a native of Gades. He obtained 

 the consulship in B.C. 40, the first instance, as we find mentioned by 

 PHny, B. vii. c. 44, in which thia honour had been conferred upon one 

 who was not a Eoman citizen. 



