468 PLInt's natural histoet. [Book V. 



fugitives, as its name implies^ and that of Marathesimn *. 

 Above these places is Magnesia*'', distinguished by the sur- 

 name of the "Mseandrian,'* and sprung from Magnesia inThes- 

 saly : it is distant from Ephesus fifteen miles, and three more 

 from Tralles. It formerly had the names of Thessaloche and 

 Androlitia, and, lying on the sea-shore, it has withdrawn from 

 the sea the islands known as the Derasidse* and joined them 

 to the mainland. In the interior also is Thyatira*, washed 

 by the Lycus ; for some time it was also called Pelopia and 

 Euhippia^. 



Upon the coast again is Mantium, and Ephesus', which 

 was founded by the Amazons^, and formerly called by so 

 many names : Alopes at the time of the Trojan war, after that 

 Ortygia and Merges, and then Smyrna, with the surname of 

 Trachia, as also Samornion and Ptelea. This city is built 

 on Mount Pion, and is washed by the Cayster', a river which 

 rises in the Cilbian range and brings down the waters of 

 many streams*", as also of Lake Pegasaeus", which receives 



1 He implies that it is derived from 0uy») " flight." 



- Between Ephesus and Neapolis. It belonged to the Samians who 

 exchanged with the Epheaiana for Neapohs, which lay nearer to their 

 island. The modem Scala Nova occupies the site of one of them, it is 

 uncertain which. 



3 Its ruins are to be seen at the modem Inek-Bazar. It was situate 

 on the river Lethseus, a tributary of the Mseander. It was famous for ita 

 temple of Artemis Leucophryene, the ruins of which still exist. 



4 See B. ii. c. 91. 



5 Now known as Ak-Hissar or the " White Castle." Strabo informs 

 us that it was founded by Seleucus Nicator. 



6 From the excellence of its horses. 



7 Its ruins are to be seen near the modem Ayazaluk. It was the chief 

 of the twelve Ionian cities on the coast of Asia Minor, and devoted to 

 the worship of Artemis, whose temple here was deemed one of the won- 

 ders of the world. Nothing, except some traces of its foundations, is 

 now to be seen of this stupendous building. 



8 It was more generally said to have been founded by the Carians and 

 the Leleges. 



» Now called the Kara-Su, or Black River, or Kuchuk-Meinder, or 

 Little Mseander. 



^0 It has been observed that though Pliny seems to say that the Cayster 

 receives many streams, they must have had but a short course, and could 

 only be so many channels by which the rivers descend from the mountain, 

 elopes that shut in the contracted basin of the river. 



'^ This lake or marsh seems to be the morass situate on the road from 



