Chap. 43.] ACCOUNT OF COFNTEIES, ETC. 495 



Thracian Bosporus. Upon these are situate Chaleedon\ 

 a free town, sixty-two miles from Nicomedia, formerly 

 called Proeerastis^, then Colpusa, and after that the " City 

 of the Blind," from the circumstance that its founders 

 did not know where to build their city, Byzantium being 

 only seven stadia distant, a site which is preferable in every 

 respect. 



In the interior of Bithynia are the colony of Apamea', 

 the Agrippenses, the Juliopolitae, and Bith}Tiion* ; the rivers 

 Syrium, Laphias, Pharnacias, Alces, Serinis, Lilaeus, Scopius, 

 and Hieras^, which separates Bithynia from Galatia. Be- 

 yond Chalcedon formerly stood Chrysopolis^, and then Ni- 

 copolis, of which the gulf, upon which stands the Port of 

 Amycus'^, still retains the name ; then the Promontorv of 

 Naulochum, and Estiee^, a temple of Neptune'. We tlien 

 come to the Bosporus, which again separates Asia from 

 Europe, the distance across being half a mile ; it is distant 

 twelve miles and a half from Chalcedon. The first entrance 

 of this strait is eight miles and three-quarters wide, at the 



* Its site is supposed to have been about two miles south of the 

 modem Scutari, and it is said that the modern Greeks call it Chalkedon, 

 and the Turks Kadi-Kioi. Its destruction was completed by the Turks, 

 who used its materials for the construction of the mosques and other 

 buildings of Constantinople. 



2 So called, Hardouin thinks, from its being opposite to the Golden 

 Horn, or promontory on which Byzantium was built. 

 ^ Or Myrlea, mentioned above in C. 40. See p. 490. 



* Or Bithynium, lying above Tins. Its vicinity was a good feeding 

 country for cattle, and noted for the excellence of its cheese, as men- 

 tioned by Phny, B. xi. c. 42. Antinoiis, the favourite of the Emperor 

 Adrian, was born here, as Pausanias informs us. Its site does not 

 appear to be known. 



* These rivers do not appear to have been identified by the modem 

 geographers. 



6 The modem Scutari occupies its site. Dionysius of Byzantivim 

 states, that it was called ChrysopoHs, either because the Persians made 

 it the place of deposit for the gold which they levied from the cities, or 

 else from Chryses, a son of Agamemnon and Chryseis. 



7 A king of the Bebrycians. For some further particulars relative to 

 this place, see B. xvi. c. 89 of the present Book. 



8 Situate on a promontory, which is represented by the modem Algiro, 

 according to Hardouin and Parisot. 



" Other writers say that it was erected m honour of the Twelve Greater 

 Divinities. 



