THE CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PAGE 



General Characters of the Vertebrata, . . . . i 

 Different Types of the Vertebrata, . . . . i 



Comparison of Vertebrate Types, 2 



Position of the Mammaha in the Sub-kingdom Verte- 

 brata, 2 



The MammaHan Structure, 2 



General Characters, 2 



Special Characters : 

 The Skin and its Modifications, Hair, Nails, Super- 

 ficial Glands, Milk Glands, .... 2 

 The Skeleton: Skull, Limbs, Shoulder-girdle, Fore- 

 and Hind-limbs, the Hand; Position of the 



Limbs in Walking, 4 



The Teeth: their Structure, Milk and Permanent 

 Teeth, Dental Formukf, Perfecting of the 

 Dental Systems during the Evolution of the 

 Ancestry of the present Mammals, ... 6 



Reproduction in the Mammalia, 11 



Distribution in Space of the Mammalia, . . .12 

 Subdivision of the Mammals based on the presumed 



order of Evolution, 14 



Presumable Relations of existing Placental Orders to 

 a Marsupial Ancestry as shown by the Dental 

 Characters, 16 



Table of the Orders, Families, and Tribes of the 



Mammalia, 18 



Note on Geological Points referred to in this Work, . 22 

 Geological Table of the Main Rock-systems into which 



the Crust of the Earth is divided, .... 23 



APES AND MONKEYS (SIMI^). 



Introduction, 



Monkeys of the Old World (Catarrhina;), 

 Anthropoid Apes (Anthropomorphic), 

 Black Anthropoid Apes {Troglodytes), 

 Chimpanzee (Troglodytes niger), 

 Chego (Troglodytes Tchego), 

 Gorilla (Troglodytes gorilla). 



Red Anthropoid Apes {Simia), 

 Orang-utang or Mias (Simia satyrus). 



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Gibbons {Hy Mates), 



Siamang (Hylobatcs syndactylus), 

 Hoolock (Hylobates leuciscus (hoolock)), . 

 White-handed Gibbon (Hylobatcs lar). 



Tailed Monkeys (Caudatas), .... 



Semnopiiheci, 



Entellus Monkey or Hunuman (Semnopithccus 



entellus), 



Proboscis Monkey or Kahau (Scmnopithecus 



Colobi, 



Guereza (Colobus guereza), . . . . 



The GuenoHs {Cercopithecus), .... 

 Talapoin (Myiopithecus talapoin), 

 Diana Monkey (Cercopithecus diana), 

 Mona (Cercopithecus mona), • . . . 

 Mangabey or Moorish Monkey, ... 

 Hussar or Nisnas Monkey (Cercopithecus pyr- 



rhonotus), 



Green Guenon (Cercopithecus sabasus), 



Macaqhes [Macacus), 



Java Monkey (Macacus cynomolgus), 



Boonder (Macacus rhesus), 



Wanderoo (Macacus silenus), 



Magot (Inuus ecaudatus), .... 



Baboons {Cynocephalus), .... 

 Black Ape (Cynocephalus niger), 

 Gelada (Cynocephalus gelada), . 

 Arabian Baboon (Cynocephalus hamadryas), 

 Common Baboon (Cynocephalus Uabuin), . 

 Chacma or Pig-faced Baboon (Cynocephalus 



porcarius), 



Guinea Baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), 

 Mandrill (Cynocephalus Maimon), 

 Drill (Cynocephalus leucoph»us), 



Monkeys of the New World (Platyrrhinoe), . 

 Naked-tailed Monkeys (Gymnurae), . 



The Howlers {Mycetes), 



Red Howling Monkey (Mycetes seniculus), 



The Woolly Monkeys {Lagothrix), . 

 Barrigudo (Lagothrix Humboldti), 



The spider-monkeys {AieUs), 

 Miriki (Ateles eriodes), .... 



fACE 



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