i8 



THE MAMMALIA. 



TABLE OF THE ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND TRIBES 



OF THE MAMMALIA. 



APES AND MONKEYS {Simice). 



Tropical mammals more or less like man, with complete 

 dentition, opposable thumb and great toe (Quad- 

 rumana), cup-shai)ed closed bony orbit, two pectoral 

 mammx, and discoidal placenta. 



(A) Monkeys of the Old World {CatarrhincR). With 

 32 teeth and narrow septum between the nostrils, 

 which are directed somewhat forwards. 

 Anthropoid Apes {Anthropomorp/ue). Tailless, with 

 naked face somewhat resembling that of man; 

 body covered with long hairs. 



Black Anthropoid Apes {Troglodytes). With fore- 

 limbs reaching no further than the ankles, and 

 thirteen pairs of ribs; natives of Africa. 



Red Anthropoid Apes {Simia). With very long 

 arms and twelve pairs of ribs ; natives of the East 

 Indies. 



Gibbons (Hylobatei). Asiatic arboreal apes, with 

 extraordinarily long arms and hands, and small 

 naked spots on the buttocks. 

 Tailed Monkeys {Caiuiatce). With more or less 

 developed tail, ischial callosities, and mostly also 

 cheek-pouches. 



Semnopitheci. Arboreal monkeys of slender shape, 

 with well-developed thumbs, long tails, a com- 

 pound stomach of three parts, and sometimes with, 

 sometimes without, cheek-pouches. 



CoLOBi. African forms resembling the Semnopitheci, 

 but with more powerful jaws and much reduced 

 thumb, and without cheek-pouches. 



GuENONS (Cenopithecus). African monkeys with 

 simple stomach, cheek-pouches, long tail, large 

 thumb, and moderately long limbs. 



Macaques (Macacus). With a solitary exception 

 Asiatic monkeys, with a rather thickset frame, pro- 

 truding muzzle, tolerably powerful jaws, simple 

 stomach, cheek-pouches, and a tail which never 

 grows longer than the whole body. 



Baboons ( Cynocephalus). Large, chiefly African, ter- 

 restrial forms, with dog-like muzzle, powerful limbs, 

 and dentition like that of a carnivore. 



(B) Monkeys of the New World {PlatyrrhincB). 



With 36 teeth and broad nasal septum; the 

 nostrils directed sidewards; ischial callosities 

 and cheek-pouches always absent. 



Naked-tailkd Monkeys (Gymnurce). The long 

 and powerful tail has at least the last third 

 naked on the under surface, where it is covered 

 with rough skin; and the tail serves as an organ 

 of touch and prehension. 

 The Howlers (Mycdcs). 

 The Woolly Monkeys {Lagothrix). 

 The Spider Monkeys {Ateles). 



The Sajous {Cebida). Tail long and strong, com- 

 pletely covered with hair, and serving only as 

 an organ of prehension (not of touch). 



The Sakis {Ancturce). Tail of various length, the 

 vertebrae not increasing in size towards the ex- 

 tremity; never used for prehension. 



(C) The Clawed Monkeys {Ardopitheci). With 32 



teeth, fore-paws without an opposable pollex 

 (thumb), all the digits except the hallux (great 

 toe) provided with claws. 



THE PROSIMIANS {Prosijiiii). 



Climbing animals with complete dentition, opposable 

 thumb and great toe (Quadrumana), bony orbit not 

 closed behind, mostly more than two teats, and with 

 a campanulate (diffuse) placenta. 

 The Prosimians of Madagascar. 



The Lemurs {Lemurida). \ Distinguished by their 

 The Indris (Indrisida). I dentition : see text. 

 The Aye-aye. A single species forming a family 

 by itself, with a peculiar dentition like that of 

 a rodent, and with a very long middle digit on 

 the fore-foot. 

 The African Prosimians. 



The PoiTO Family {Pterodictidd). A family with 



small ears, short tail, and rudimentary index. 

 The Galago Family {Galagoiddd). Composed of 

 a single genus with long ears and tail, digits 

 complete, and all provided with flat nails, except 

 the second digit of the hind foot, which carries 

 a claw. 



