MACAQUES. 



51 



qualities, they resemble other monkeys. The 

 species are numerous, and since many are 

 distributed over wide areas, it is often difficult 

 to decide whether one has to deal with species 

 or varieties. 



The Java Monkey {M. cynomolgus) is fre- 

 quent in monkey-houses, but not much liked. 

 It is filthy, sensual, and intractable. An 

 olive-greeH colour with a black cap on the 

 crown for the most part characterizes this 

 monkey, which, however, varies very much 

 in colour. It was originally distributed over 

 all the islands of the Eastern Archipelago and 

 over the Malay Peninsula, and has been carried 

 by man as far as the island of Bourbon, where 

 it has become wild. Plate V. shows a group 

 of these monkeys frightened away while in 

 the act of drinking by a crocodile emerging 

 from the water. 



A family group of the Boonder (J/, rhesus), 

 fig. 7, which is found almost throughout the 

 East Indies but especially on the Ganges, has 

 been figured for two reasons, first because 

 it represents an intermediate type of the 

 genus, and secondly because it plays in some 

 districts a similar role to the hunuman. This 

 tolerably large monkey, whose skin gathers 

 in folds on the neck, breast, and abdomen, is 

 greenish-gray on the back, and whitish on the 

 under surface, which is only sparingly covered 

 with hair; the naked parts, face, hands, and 

 feet, are of a bright copper colour, the large 

 ischial callosities bright red. An allied species, 

 the Macaais erythrcctis, is similarly coloured, 

 but much larger and slenderer. Both species 

 climb high up the Himalayas at Simla, and 

 even tumble about in the snows of the pine- 

 forests, but yet appear in large part to descend 

 in winter to the lower regions, where they 

 prefer the bamboo thickets on the borders of 

 the streams. They swim and dive admirably, 

 and even take refuge in the water when 

 pursued. 



Through the reverence which is paid to 

 them by the Hindus these monkeys, conscious 

 of their immunity from punishment have 



become as intolerable devastators as the hunu- 

 man, and all that was said with reference to 

 that monkey applies also to the open-air life 

 of this one. When caught young they are 

 easily tamed, and they are favourite actors in 

 monkey -theatres. When old they become 

 irritable and malicious, and torment their 



Fig. 8. — The Wanderoo [Macacus sileitus). 



weaker companions in the monkey-houses in 

 all conceivable ways. 



The long protruding muzzle with the large 

 curved canines, the thickset body, and the 

 relatively short limbs in the Wanderoo 

 [M. sileHUs), fig. 8, mark the transition to 

 the baboons. The dark-coloured face is sur- 

 rounded by long white beard and whiskers, 

 beginning above the eyes and leaving only a 

 narrow strip free above the root of the nose. 

 The long fine fur is black behind, brighter 

 in front; the naked parts, ears, hands, and 

 feet, black, the ischial callosities of a pale 

 red. The rather short tail has a tuft at the 

 end. 



In spite of the devastations which he is 



