374 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



Lotece, Trifoliece, Genistea, and Viciea are the groups which extend 

 furthest north and south, at least by some of their representatives. 

 Dalbergiece, Podalyriea, and Tounatceeai are almost exclusively plants 

 from hot climates. Sophorece, Hedysarece, Galcgece, and Phaseolece 

 spread far and wide through warm and temperate regions. 



The various properties of Papilionacea are so numerous, and 

 the number of useful species so large, that we shall often have to 

 refer the reader to special treatises 1 in the case of those that are of 

 minor importance and practical interest. The list of species used as 

 food by man and beast would alone fill several pages. There are 

 many plants used as fodder, whose nutritive properties are easily 

 explained by their richness in the nitrogenized principle, legumin, 

 or vegetable casein. We may mention the species and varieties of 

 Lupin, 2 Lucerne 3 (figs. 174-179), Clover or Trefoil, 4 Lotus (fig. 168), 5 

 Vetchling, 6 Vetch, 7 Birdsfoot, 8 and Sainfoin 9 (figs. 18J-183). The 

 nitrogenized principle is found accompanied by a quantity of starchy 

 or fatty matter, chiefly in the seeds of the divers kinds of Pea, 10 

 Chick-pea, 11 Pigeon-pea, 12 Bean, Tare, and Vetch, 13 Kidney-bean, 14 

 Lentil, 15 Lupin, 10 Dolichos? &c, in which the embryo is the essential 



1 Endl., EncUrid., 675. — Ditch., Rep., 256. — 

 Lindl., Veg. Kingd., 547. — GuiB., Drog. SimpL, 

 ed. 6, iii. 319. — Rosenth., Syn. Plan!. Diaphor., 

 980. 



2 See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des Sc. Med., 

 ser. 2, iii. 191. 



3 See H. Bn., loc. cit., 358. 



4 Trifoliwm arvense L., repens L., incarnation 

 L., sativum L., ami a score more species are 

 especially used as artificial grasses. (See 

 Rosenth., op. cit., 992, 993.) 



5 See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des Sc. Med., 

 ser." 2, iii. 114. 



6 Especially Lathyrus sativiis L., pratensis L., 

 Clymenum L., &c. (See Rosenth., op. cit., 

 1007, 1008.) 



7 Our field species are Yicia sativa L., leuco- 

 sperma Mcench, hyhrida L., lutea L., sylvatica 

 L., Cracea L., sepium L., angustifolia Roth, 

 narbonensis L., &c. 



8 Among others Ornithopus satimis. Besides 

 this we may cite as fodder plants Coronilla varia 

 L., and laments L., Biserrula (Fr., Rateau), 

 Sippocrepis (Horseshoe- vetch ; Fr., Fer-a- 

 cheval), Seorpiurus {Chenillon) and Securigera 

 (Jlachelte), all so remarkable for the form of 



the fruit. (See pp. 276, 287, 304, 305, and 

 Rosenth., op. cit., 1009, 1010.) 



9 By the French word Sainfoin have been 

 designated the various species of Hedysamm, of 

 which II. coronarium L. is most cultivated in 

 France, as well as Onvbryvhis (Fr., Fsparcette), 

 especially O. sativa L. (the English Sainfoin). 



10 Pisurn saticwm L. (figs. 143-147), bijtorum 

 Bafin., abyssinieum BBATJN, thebaicum \V., 

 arvense L. P. mariiimwn L., is a Lathyrus. 



11 Especially Cicer sativum and arietinum L. 

 (Fr., Pois-chiche, Tete-de-belier, Oarbance, &c.). 

 (See above, fig. 148.) 



1-J Cajanus indicus Spiienq. — C.fiavus DC. — 

 C. bicolor DC. — Cytisus Cajan L. 



13 Including the genera J'icia, Faba, and 

 most species of Frvum of authors. (Rosenth., 

 op. tit., 1005-1007.) 



14 Especially P. vulgaris L. and P. Mungo L., 

 lunaius L., nanus L., and a dozen more edible 

 species (Bosentu., op. tit., 1018). 



15 Lens esculenta McENCH. — Frvum Lens L.— 

 Cicer Lens W. 



16 See H. Bn., in Diet. Encycl. des Sc. Med., 

 ser. 2, iii. 191. 



17 Including the Labial (Z>. Labial L. ;— 

 Lablab vulgaris Savj). 



