456 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



splinters, in water, in large iron retorts. 1 Camphor, when purified, 

 is often used in medicine as a sedative, antiputrescent, determinant, 

 anaphrodisiac, &c. The production of camphor has been attri- 

 buted to several neighbouring species such as C. Parthenoxylotf 

 and C. Glanduliferum? the former from Java and Sumatra, the 

 latter from the East Indies. Cinnamon is the bark of several 

 very aromatic species of Cinnamomum with opposite leaves. Of 

 the two kinds known in commerce as Ceylon and China cinnamon, 

 the former is produced by C. zeylanicum* (figs. 240-243), the latter 

 by C. Cassia.* The bark of the branches that have attained the 

 right age 6 is peeled off with knives, and rolls up into tubes cleft 

 lengthwise, which are then properly sun dried. 7 That of the thinner 

 branches is distilled to procure the volatile oil of cinnamon, also a 

 commercial product. Another similar oil is distilled from the flowers 

 and young fruits 8 of C. zeylanicum. The Cassia lignca of the druggist 

 appears to be the thicker bark of the old branches and stem. 9 More- 

 over the leaves of several members of this genus were formerly used 

 in medicine under the name of Maiabathrum. 1 * Cinnamon of inferior 

 quality is also obtained in India, Java. &c, from other species 

 such as C. Sintok, n Burmanni" iners,™ multiflorum ," javanicum,™ &c.; 16 



1 Geoefb., Mat. Med., iv. 21 (ex Guib.. in Ceylon cinnamon, but not in the shorter pieces 



op. cit., 411). — Peoust, in Ann. Chim., iv. 189. of China cinnamon. 



— Cl£mandot, in Journ. Fharm., iii. 353. 8 Flares Cassia, clavelli cimnamomei (Oil 1 .). 



These authors have treated on the processes used See Guib., loc. cit., 404. 



by the Dutch in refining camphor and giving 9 Guib., loc. cit., 107. 



it the form of large semitransparent cakes. 10 Guiboubt (loc. cit., 408) ascribes these 



a Meissn., Frodr., n. 52. — Lamms porrecta leaves to C. Maiabathrum Batk., and C. iners 



Roxb. — L. Parthenoxylon Jack. — Camphora Bl., which form one and the same species (see 



Parthenoxylon Nees. — Sassafras Parthenoxylon below, notes 13, 14). 



Nees. — Parthenoxylon porrectum Bl. — Cayoo- u Bl., Bijdr., 571. — Meissn., Prodr., n. 8. — 



gaddus Maesd., Hist. Sumatr., 129 (ex Roxb.). Sintoc, Sendoc or Sintuk of the natives of 



Parthenoxylon pruinosum Bl. is a variety of Amboyna and Java, 



this. is Bi., Bijdr., 569.— Meissn., Prodr., n. 17. 



a Meissn., Prodr., n. 47. — Laurus glandu- — C. dn/ce Nees. — Laurus dulcis Roxb. — L. 



lifera Wall. — Camphora glandulifera Nees. Bwrmcmni Nees. 



4 See p. 426, note 2.— Gttib., loc. cit. " Kkinw., ex Bl., Bijdr., 570. — Meissn., 



5 Bl., Bijdr., 570. — Nees & Eberm., Med. Prodr., n. 26. — C. Maiabathrum Batk., in 

 Pharm. Bot., ii. 424.— Hatne, Arzn., 12, t. 23. Nov. Act. Acad. Leap., xvii. 2, 618, t. 45.— 

 — Guib., loc. cit., 404.— C. aromaticum Nees, C. nilidam Hook., Exot. Fl., t. 176. — C. Cap- 

 in Wall. PI. As. Ear., ii. 74. — Laurus Cinna- paru-coronde Bl. (?) 



momum Ande. (nee Auctt.).— Laurus Mala- " Wight, Icon. t. 131.— Meissn., Prodr., 



bathrum Reinw. (ex Bl., nee alior.). — Persea n. 14. — Laurus multijlora Roxb. (ex Wight). 



Cassia Speeng., Syst., ii. 267. is Bl., Bijdr., 170 ; in Rumphia, 42, t. 19.— 



6 From five or six to thirty years old. The Meissn., Prodr., n. l.—C. neglectum Bl., in 

 harvest is twice a year, from April to August, Rumphia, 38. — Laurus Maiabathrum Bhkm. 

 and from November to January. (See End- (nee alior.).— Melastoma Reinicardlianum Bl., 

 lichee, Fnchirid,, 201, for the curious details Bijdr., 1069.— Syndok boom Houtt., Nat. Hist., 

 of this industry.) \\ t 337 # 



7 The pieces of bark are one within the other 16 See Rosenth. (Syn. PL Diaphor., 229), 



