LAUEACE.E. 



457 



several Litsaas are also said to supply cinnamon. 1 To the genus 

 Cinnamomum belong the odoriferous barks of Sindoc,' of Culilawan, 3 

 or clove-cinnamon {cannette-girqflee) of India, 4 and of Massoy from 

 New Guinea. 5 The true clove-cinnamon is that of Brazil, yielded 

 by Dicypellium caryophyllatum. 6 



The most aromatic of all the Lauracea appears to be the Raven- 

 sara of Madagascar. 7 Its bark and leaves have a strong scent of 

 cloves ; but this perfume is most powerful in the fruit, which, 

 enveloped in their chambered receptacle, constitute the Madagascar 

 spice or Eavensara- or Clove-nuts (Fr., noix de Ravensara, de Girqfle ; 

 figs 247, 248), much used as an aromatic in Madagascar and some- 

 times imported into Europe. The Casca pretiosa of the Brazilians 

 is the scented bark of Mespilodaphne pretiosa. 9 The aromatic 

 Anise or Sassafras-wood of Orinoco is said to be that of Ocotea 

 cymbarum f and to this same tree has been ascribed 10 the Pichurim- 

 bark u of tropical America. The Pic/iurim-seed 1 * of the same parts, 



who gives C. Loureirii Nees, Tamala Nees, 

 aromaticum Nees, obtusifolium Nees, daph- 

 noides Sieb. & Zucc, pedunculatum Nees, &c, 

 as also furnishing officinal barks. The cinnamon 

 of Cayenne comes from C. zeylanicum, intro- 

 duced and cultivated in Guiana. 



1 Guibourt refers to L. zeylanicum, that 

 kind in particular named Daioel-coronde, or 

 Drum-cinnamon (Fr., Canntllier-tambour), from 

 the use made of its wood. 



2 Mentioned by Bumphius, who pronounces 

 it different from the Culilawan, though vulgarly 

 confounded with it. It appears really to come 

 from Cinnamomum Sintoc Ul. (see above, p. 456, 

 note 11). 



3 From the Malay word Kulit lawang (Gui- 

 bourt, loc. cit., 409). It comes from Cinna- 

 momum Culilawan Bl., Bijdr., 571. — Meissn., 

 Prodr., n. 11. — C. CutliUawan Hayne, Arzn., 

 12, t. 24. — Lauras Culilaban L. — L. Cassia, 

 var. Culilaban Lamk., Diet., iii. 444. — L. Culi- 

 lawang Nees. — Coelit-lawan-boom Valent., 

 Amb., iii. 210. This is Cortex caryophylloides 

 albus of Kumphius (Herb. Amboin., ii. 65, 1. 14). 



4 Under this name are confounded the true 

 Culilawan bark (C. verm), and that of C. rubrum 

 El., which is also of clove scent, and is of a dark 

 cinnamon-red colour. The Culilawan of the 

 Papuans has a similar smell, but its liber is 

 brownish. It is referred to C. xanthoncuron 

 Bl. (Kosenth., op. cit., 229). 



6 Attributed to C. Kiamis Nees (C. Bur- 

 manni Bl. ?), and often prescribed as a tonic 

 and antidiarrhceic in Java and the neighbouring 

 countries, like many other clove-scented barks 

 allied to the cinnamons. 



6 See below, p. 472, n. 32, not. 5, 6. Gtjib. 

 loc. cit., 396. — Mart., Fl. Bras., Laurac, 316. 

 This is the Imyra quiynha of Para, and the 

 Espingo of the inhabitants of Maynas. It is 

 used as a stimulant by the physician, as an aro- 

 matic by the cook. 



' Eavensara aromatica Sonner., Yoy., ii. 

 226, t. 127.— Poir., Diet., vi. SI. — H. Bn., in 

 Adansonia, ix. fasc. 9. — JSvodia aromatica 

 Lamk., Diet., vi. 81. — Pees., Syn., ii. 1. — 

 F. Eavensara G.ertn., Fruct., ii. 101, t. 103. — 

 Agathophy/lum aromaticum W., Spec, ii. 842. 

 — -Poir., Diet., Suppl., iv. 656. — Lamk., III., 

 t. 825.— Nees, Syst. : 232. — Meissn., Prodr., 

 110, n. 1. — Gtjib., Drog. Simpl., ed. 6, ii. 398. 

 — Kosenth., op. cit., 232. — Eavin-dzara, Ea- 

 vensara of the natives. 



3 Nees, in Linncea, viii. 45 ; Syst. Laur., 

 237. — Cryptocarya pretiosa Mart. — H. B. K., 

 Nov. Gen. et Spec, vii. 192, t. 615. — Guib., 

 op. cit., 399. — Cauelilla, Pao pretiosa, Pereiora 

 of the Brazilians. A very aromatic substance, 

 used in the treatment of catarrh, dropsy, rheu- 

 matic and syphilitic affections, &c. (see Mart,, 

 Fl. Bras., Laurac, 317; — BuciiN., in Rep. 

 Pharm., xxxi. 3-"6). In Von Martha's work will 

 he found (311-314) a complete enumeration 

 of the native names of all the Lauracem em- 

 ployed in medicine and domestic economy. 

 9 Guib., op. cit., 392. 



10 Guib., op. cit., 393. 



11 Murkat (App. Med., iv. 551) regnrds it as 

 produced by the same trees as the Pichuiim- 

 beans. 



12 Guib., loc. cit., 393.— Maet., loc. cit., 317. 



