EL2EAGNACE2E. 489 



however eaten by the birds in the winter ; and they are rendered 

 harmless to man by cooking, which removes the deleterious prin- 

 ciple. 1 The pulpy layer of the indusium is sweet and subacid in the 

 Oleasters ; thus an edible fruit is afforded by E. orientalist ferru- 

 ginea, 3 argenlea,* macrophytta? pungens, 6 confcrla, 1 salicifolia? arborea? 

 &c. &c. Those of E. hortensis™ come very near jujubes in taste. 

 E. argentifolia has apple-scented flowers, whose perfume is so strong 

 as to be sometimes oppressive. The flowers of this species and some 

 others, produce large quantities of nectar, which has occasionally 

 been collected for use in malignant fevers. A yellow dye is extracted 

 from the fruit, and a brown colouring matter from the stem of 

 Hipjjojphae rhamnoides. 



They contain malic acid, like those of Flee- mutata Beenh., in Thur. Allg. Gartenzeit., ii. 



agnus. 95 (ex Meissn., Prodr., n. 1). 



1 They are used in Finland for making fish- 5 Thttnb., FL Jap., 67. — Fon Gommi 

 sauce, &c. K.&MPF., Amoen., 789. 



2 L., Maniiss., 41. Several authors make 6 Thunb., op. cit., 68. — Axin Gommi 

 this only a variety of F. hortensis Bieb. (Fl. K^MPF., loc. cit. 



Taur.-Cavc., ii. 112). The Bohemian Olive- ' Roxb., Fl, Lid., i. 460.— Guara of the 



tree {F. angustifolia L., Spec, ed. 2, i. 276) is Bengalese. 



made another variety with narrow leaves (see 8 Loud., Fnci/cl. 697. 



Meissn., Prodr., 609, n. 2). 9 Roxb., op. cit., 461. — SJieasJiong of Nepal. 



3 A. Rich., Mon., 387, 404. 10 Like those of F. hortensis, they are termed 



4 Puesh, Fl. Amer. Sept., i. 114. — F. com- Zinzeyd in Persia. 



