I LLUSTRATIONS. 



xni 



Page 



Spirogyra, - 657 



Structure and reproduction of Chora fragilis, ■ 660 

 Laminariaceffi, with perforated fronds, - - 662 



Fucus vesLculosus (Bladder-wrack): female con- 



ceptacle, &c., .---.. 663 

 P^tcus veaicjdos^is: male conceptacle, &c., - -661 

 A branch of the Gulf-weed, Sargassum bacciferum, 



with leaves and air-sacs, .... QQ^, 



Chytridiaceae and Ancylistaceae, - - - 668 



Swarm -spores in Saprolegniacese and Chytridiacese, 669 

 The False Vine-mildew, Pcronospora viticola, - 670 

 AcMya Ugnicola and its Reproduction, - - 671 



EntomophthoreK: Entomophthora and Empusa^ - 672 

 Mucor and its Reproduction, .... 673 



Ascomycetes, ....... 679 



The Ergot of Rye, Claviceps purpurea, - - 680 

 Various Ascomycetes, ..... 681 



The Morel and other Discomycetes, - - - 683 



Portion of a lamella of an Agaricus with a basi- 



dial layer, 684 



Basidiomycetes: various species of Fungi, - - 685 



Gasteromyoetes: Puff-ball, Earth-star, &c., . 690 



Lichens, 693 



Gelatinous Lichens, ...... 694 



Crustaceous Lichen: Lecanora esculenta, - ■ 695 

 Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 



Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, - - 697 

 Jungermanniaceae: Scale-mosses, - - - 698 



Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &c., - - . 700 

 Mosses, with details of structure, - . - 701 

 Spore-capsules of Mosses, .... - 703 

 Various Ferns, -.----. 707 



Life-history of a Fern, 708 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, - - . . 710 

 Equisetacese or Horsetails, . . . .712 



Club-moss: Lycopodiuni annotinura, - ■ - 711 

 Lycopodiales, with details of structure, - • 716 

 A group of C]/cas «raZu(a, - - . .719 



Female Cone and Scales in Abietineae, - - 721 

 Flowers, &e., of Mountain Pine {Pinus Pumilio), 111 

 The Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris), ■ - - 723 

 The Arolla Pine (Pinus Cembra), ■ ■ . 724 

 Wdwitschia miribilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorse: Examples " the Lily Alliance, - - 729 

 Asphoddus ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax), • - 731 

 Adam's Needle ( Yucca gloriosa), ■ ■ - 732 



jEchmca paniculata (family Bromeliaceae), . - 733 

 The Traveller's Tree ( Ravenala Madagascariensis), 735 

 Angrmcwm eburneum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 



tree-trunk, --.--.. 737 

 Curled Pondweed [Potamogeton crispus), - ■ 739 

 Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



[Calamus) and Areca disdcha, - . . 741 



Aroids (Arum maculatum, Colocasia antiquorum, 



&o.), 742 



Rapkidophora decursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, - - 743 



Page 

 Climbing Aroids {Philodendron pertusum and /'. 



Tinbe) with cord-like aerial roots, - - 744 



Papyrus Plant (Papyrus antiquorum) in the Upper 



Nile, 747 



Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa), - ■ ■ 749 

 Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, - - 751 



Daphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, ------- 753 



" Living bridge " formed of the aerial roots of 

 the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 

 Sikkim-Himalaya, ..... 758 



Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, - 759 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak (Quercus sessiliflora). - 760 

 The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica), - - 761 



Caprifoliales : Ipecacuanha (Ccphaelis Ipecacu- 

 anha), ....... 764 



Ericales : Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 



(Arbtitus I'nedo), 769 



Acanthacese: Acanthus mollis, . - . . 772 



Ranunculacese : Black Hellebore and Mousetail, - 773 

 The Indian Lotus (Nclumbium speciosuvi), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, . - - 775 

 Parietales: sections of flower-bud and ovary, - 776 

 Disciflorfe: Euonymus, Quassia, &c., - - - 778 

 CrateranthBe: sections of flowers, - • - 779 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, 782 



Melastomacese: Melastoma Malabathricuvi, - 783 



Cactacese: several species of Cactus, - - - 787 

 Umbellales: Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 789 

 Fairy Rings in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 

 formed by the ascomycetous fungus Spathu- 

 laria fiavida, ...... 791 



Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 

 growth leads to the formation of colonies 

 arranged in lines and clusters, - - - 796 

 A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia, 799 

 Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



aerial runners in Saxi/raga Jlagcllaris, - 801 



Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-rana): winter buds 



in process of detachment, .... 804 



Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, - - 805 

 Trichia clavata, showing capillitium and spores, - 813 

 Dispersal of spores by wind: spore-capsules in 



damp and in dry weather, . - - - 814 

 Spores of the Horse-tail (Equisetum Telmateja), - 815 

 Polygonum viviparum and its aerial tubers, - 819 



Houseleek (Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 

 shaped offshoots, .... - 821 



The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphyllum, 822 

 The formation of offshoots in Kleinia articulata, 823 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms, - 825 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, ..... 829 



Sling-fruits: EcbaUium elaterium, Oxalis Aceto- 



sella, 834 



