Xll 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Autogamy in the flowers of the Willow-herb 



[EpilohiuTn angustifolutm), ... - 354 

 Autogamy by means of spiral twistings of stamens 



and style, ...-.-- 357 

 Autogamy by means of a crossing or a bending 



back of the style-branches, . - - - 360 

 Autogamy effected by means of an inilection of 



the style-branches {Arnica, Senecio), • • 363 

 Autogamy effected by the petals, - - - 369 

 Autogamy effected by meana of the corolla {Gen- 



tUina asclepiadea), . . . - . 372 



Autogamy effected by means of the corolla {Pedi- 



cularis incarnata), ..... 375 



Autogamy caused by inflection of the flower.stalk 



and the adjustment of the under-lip to form 



an inclined plane down which pollen slides 



to the stigma: Calceolaria Pai^onii, - - 380 



Autogamy caused by the combined inflections of 



pedicelandstamen-filaments: Pyrulaunijlora, 383 

 Autogamy through inflection of the pedicel and 

 disarticulation of the corolla : Phygdius 

 capensiSy ....... 3S4 



Autogamy resulting from an inflection of the 

 pedicel accompanied by spiral torsion of the 

 filaments: Cobcra scatidenSf - . - - 385 

 Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with inclination of the style to the 

 place where the pollen has been deposited; 

 Allium Chamcemoly, ----- 386 



Autogamy resulting from inflection of the pedicel 

 combined with the folding up of the corolla : 

 Gentiana Clusii, ■■-.■- 388 

 Development of Pollen-tubes in LUium Marlarjon 



and Arena elatior, ..... 409 



The course of the pollen-tubes in a Rock-rose 



{Helianihcvium marifoliuvi), - - - 411 



Chalazogamic fertilization in the Hornbeam (t'ar- 



pinus Betiilxis)y .--.-. 412 

 Chalazogamic fertilization in the Alder (Alnus 



glutinosa). Diagrammatic, - - - 413 



Fertilization in Ephedra and Ornithogalum, ■ 415 

 Embryo-sac of Monotropa, - - - - 417 



Seeds with a Reserve-tissue, .... i22 



Seeds with winged and hairy appendages, - - 423 

 Polar Willow (Salix polaris) with opened fruits 



showing masses of hairy seeds escaping, - 424 

 Seeds with caruncles and hilar scars, - - ■ 425 



Branch of Mezereon {Daphne Mescreum) with 

 berries. Fruiting branch of the Lime {Tilia) 

 with downy hairs investing the nut-like fruits, 426 

 Indehiscent fruits and schizocarps, - - - 427 

 Winged fruits or samaras of the Ash, &c., - - 428 



Flowering branch of Banksia scrrata with thick- 

 walled dehiscent capsules, .... 429 



Various capsular fruits, ..... 431 



Achenes provided with a plume or pappus, - 432 



The Hornbeam {Carpitms Pctulus) in fruit, - 433 

 Fruits with persistent receptacles, - - - 434 



Page 

 Fruits with Cupules: Acorns, .... 435 

 Fruits in whose structure the receptacle and pedi- 

 cel take a share: Cashew-nut, • - - 436 

 Collective and aggregate fruits: Betel, Sweet-sop, 



and Sour-sop, ...... 437 



Branch of the Bread. fruit Tree {Artocar2ms in- 



cisa), with flowers and fruit, - - - 438 

 The Lotus Lily {Neluinhiuin speciosum), - • 439 

 Flower of the Lotus Lily (Nelumhium speciosum), 440 

 Fruit and Seed of Coniferae: Silver Fir, Scotch 



Pine, Larch, ...... 441 



Fruits and Seeds of Coniferse: Yew, Arbor Vitae, 



Juniper, ....... 442 



Coniferous Fruits and Seeds, ... - 443 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals : 



Anatto, ....... 444 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals : 



Mimosa, Chestnut, &c., - - - - 445 

 Protection of seeds against wet, .... 448 

 Branch of Mangrove Tree (Rhizophora Mangle), 



with flowers and fruits, .... 451 

 Bulbils replacing flowers and fruits, - - - 455 



Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like 



offshoots, . - - - - - - 460 



Flowers and fruits replaced by bulbils. The 



Coral-root {Dentaria bulbifera), • - - 461 

 The Annual Dog's Mercury {Mercurialis annua), 466 

 Alternation of Generations in Ferns, - - - 472 

 Tree-ferns {Alsophila) in Ceylon, - ■ - 473 



Rhipidopteris pieltata, with sterile and fertile 



fronds, - - - - - - - 474 



Stag's-horn Fern {Platycerium alcicorne), - • 475 

 Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 477 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 479 

 Asexual and sexual reproduction in Saprolegni- 



acese, ...-.--- 480 

 Asexual and sexual reproduction in the Mucorini, 481 



483 

 491 

 492 



Larch trees (Larix europcca), . - . . 



Myxomycetous Fungi and their fructification. 

 Magnified Examples of Desmidiese, - 

 Fungus-galls on Juniperxts communis and A ronia 



rotundifolia, ...... 



Various Galls and their effects on plants, - 



A Witches' Broom on J'jie Silver Fir, produced 



by ^cidium. elatinuvi, . - - 



Galls in section and otherwise, - 

 Various Galls on Leaves, .... 

 Galls on Spruce, Poplar, Oak, &c.. 

 Solid Galls on Lime and Celastrus, 

 Various Oak-galls, . . . . - 

 Spirophyton from the Upper Devonian Rocks, 

 RieUa helicophyUa growing under water, 

 Myxomycetes or Slime-fungi, 

 Various Examples of Bacteria, . 

 Highly-magnified Examples of Diatoms, 

 Hydrodictyaceae, with Zoospores, 

 Ulothrix sonata, with Gametes and Zoospores, 

 Various Examples of Desmids, - 



521 

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539 

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