ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XI 



Page 

 Protection of Pollen in Herb-Robert, Bell-flower, 



Scabious, ...---- 121 

 Protection of Pollen in various plants, - - 125 

 Flowers of VaUisncria spiralis floating on the 



surface of water, - ... - 132 



The common Alder (Alnvs r/hilinosa) and its 



flowers, ..-...-- 135 

 The Paper Mulberry-tree (Broussonetia papyri- 



fera), - • - - - - - - 137 



The Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and its flowers, - 138 

 Flowers of Avena elatior, ----- 139 



The Elm (Ulmus campestris) with its flowers and 



seed vessels, - - - - - - 143 



Flowers, Sic, of Mountain Pine {Pinus Pumilio), 144 

 Male Flowers of Yew (Taxus baccata), - - 145 

 Hazel (Corylus Avcllana) with flowers and fruits, 147 

 Curled Pondweed {Potamogeton cris]7us) in the act 



of pollination, .-..-. 148 

 Flov/ers oi Atvovi-grass {Triglochin 2Mlustre), ■ 149 

 The Nottingham Catchfly {Silene nutans) in the 



daytime, 154 



The Nottingham Catchfly {Silene nutans) by night; 



a flower being visited by a moth, - - 155 



Transport of Pollen by Egg-laying Insects, - 157 



Arum conocephaloides, with the front wall of the 



sjpathe removed, ------ 164 



Flower of Birtliwort {Aristolochia ringens), - 166 



Honeyless Flower of Argemone Mexicana with 



abundant pollen, ... - - 168 



Flowers of the Snowflake (Leucojum vernum), ■ 170 

 Honey-secreting tissue in flowers. - - - 173 

 Nectaries in several flowers, .... 174 

 Flower of the Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis), - 176 

 Flower of Narcissus {Narcissus Pscudonarcis- 



sus), 177 



Flowerof the Wild Valerian ( Valeriana officinalis), 



cut through lougitudin,ally, - - - - 178 



Concealment of Honey in Flowers, - - - 180 



Concealment of Honey in Flowers, . . - 181 



Examples of Colour-contrasts in Flowers, - - 184 



Two New Zealand Haastias or " Veget.ible Sheep " 



{Haastia pulvinaris and Sinclairii), ■ ■ 188 

 Colour-contrast in the flowers of the Bean ( Vicia 



Faha), 189 



Narcissus {Narcissus poeticus), showing colour- 

 contrast, ------- 190 



Preparation of Flowers for Insect-visits in the 



Laburnum {Cytisus Laburnum), ■ - - 223 

 Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, .... 226 



Arrangements for the reception of Insects at the 



entrance to the Flower, .... 227 



Wood Aneraone {Atiemojie nerrwrosa), ■ ■ 229 



American Dogwood {Cornus florida), - ■ - 231 

 Sticky glands as a protection to Flowers, - - 236 

 Sticky Bristles at the edge of the Calyx as a pro- 

 tection to Flowers, . - . - . 237 

 Tufts of Hair as a Protection to Flowers, - - 240 



Page 

 Capitula of Serratula lycopi/olia protected by Ants 



from the attacks of a Beetle, - - - 242 



Contrivances for loading insects with pollen, - 246 

 Longitudin.al section through a flower of the 



Evening Primrose {(Knothera biennis), - 247 



Contrivances for ensuring the deposition of pollen 



on insect-visitors, ..... 249 



Withdrawal and deposition of poUinia in the 



flowers of an Orchid, ... - - 255 

 Clip-mechanism for fastening the poUinia of As- 



clepias Comuti to the feet of insects, - - 258 

 Apparatus for pumping pollen on to the bodies of 



insects, ....--. 261 

 Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of mechanism of the percussive type, 262 

 Explosive apparatus for the transfer of pollen to 



the bodies of insects, .... - 265 

 Explosive apparatus in a papilionaceous flower, . 266 

 Transference of pollen to the bodies of insects by 



means of explosive apparatus, - - - 267 



Expulsive apparatus in Orchid-flowers : flower of 



Cataselum tridentatum, .... 269 

 Flower of Pedicularis recutita, - . - - 272 

 Sprinkling apparatus of various plants, . - 273 



Sprinkling .aji[)aratus, ..... 275 



Arrangements for the Retention of the deposited 



Pollen, 279 



Deposition of the Pollen in Mimulus luteus, ■ 280 

 Evening Primrose {CEnothera biennis), - - 282 

 Calabar or Ordeal Bean {Physostigma venejwsuvi), 285 

 Types of the 1st to 10th classes of the Linnean 



System, 289 



Types of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 18th, and 20th 



classes of the Linnean System, - - - 292 

 Types of the 11th, 12th, 17th, and 21st classes of 



the Linnean System, - . . - - 293 

 Type of a moncecious plant: Common Oak 



{Quercus pcdunculata), ... - 298 



Type of a dicecious plant: Crnek Willow {Snlix 



fragilis), 299 



Heterostyled flowers : Primrose and others, - 302 



Change of Position of Anthers and Stigmas, - 305 

 Flower of the Rue {Ruta graveolens), - - - 306 



Completely dichogamous Flowers {Oeraniuvi, 



Parietaria), ...--- 307 



Dichogamy in Saxifraga rotundifolia, - - 308 



Incompletely dichogamous Flowers {Epilobium, 



Eremurus), ...... 309 



Geitonogamy with adherent pollen, . ■ - 320 

 Geitonogamy with dust-like pollen, • - - 329 

 Autogamy effected by the inclination of curved 



stamens, ....--- 342 

 Autogamy effected by inclination of curved 



stamens (C'iVcfra, Agrimonia), ■ • - 343 

 Autogamy brought about by elongation of the 



the pistil {Epimediuni alpinum), - ■ - 349 

 Autogamy effected by means of an inflection of 



the style, 351 



