CONTENTS. 



4. The Distribution of Species. 



Page 

 790 



The Distribution of Species by Offshoots, - 

 The Dispersion of Species by means of Fruits 



and Seeds, ------ 833 



Limits of Distribution, 



Plant Communities and Floras, - 



5. The Extinction of Species, ■ 



Page 



- 878 



- 885 



- 899 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS FOLLOWED IN 

 THIS WORK. 



Phylum 1. — Mtxothallophtta. 



Alliance 1. — Myxomycetes, - - - 618 



PiiYLnM 2. — Thallophyta. 



Class I. — Schizophyta, - - - . S20 

 Alliance 2. — Cyanophycece, the Blue-green 



AlgiE, 621 



Alliance 3. — Schizomycetes, the Bac- 

 teria, 622 



Class II. — Dinoflagellata, Peridineoe, - - 625 



Alliance 4, - - - - - - 625 



Class III. — Bacillariales, - - - - 625 



Alliance 5, 625 



Class IV. — Gamophyceoe, - - - - 627 



Sub-class I. — Chlorophyceoe, the Green 



Algte, - - 627 



Alliance 6. — Protococcoidese, - - - 628 



Do. 7. — Siphoneaj, - - - - 641 



Do. 8. — Confervoideae, - - - 648 



Do. 9. — Conjugatae, - - - - 654 



Do. 10.— Cliarales, - - - - 659 



Do. 11. — Phoeophycete, - - - 661 



Do. 12.— Dictyotales, - - - 666 



Do. 13. — Floridese, Red Sea-weeds, - 666 



Class V.— Fungi, - - - - - 668 



Sub-class I. — Phycomycetes, - - - 668 



Alliance 14. — Oomycetes, - - - 668 



Do. 15. — Zygomycetes, - - - 673 



Sub-class II. — Mesomycetes, - - - 674 



Alliance 16, 674 



Do. 17, 674 



Sub-class III. — Mycomycetes, - - - 676 

 Alliance 18, ----- - 676 



Do. 19, 684 



Additional Group of Fungi, Lichenes, - 691 



Phylum 3. — Archeooniatje. 

 Class I. — Bryophyta,- . - . - 696 

 Alliance 20. — Hepatic», Liverworts, - 6'.I6 



Do. 21.— Musci, Mosses, - - - 699 



Class II. — Pteridophyta, Vascular Crypto- 

 gams, ------- 704 



Alliance 22. — Filices, Ferns, - - - 705 



Do. 23. — Hydropterides, Ehizocarps, 709 



Do. 24. — Equisetales, Horsetails, - 711 



Do. 25. — Lycopodiales, Club-mosses, 713 



