226 



RECEPTION OF FLOWER-SEEKING ANIMALS AT THE FLOWER. 



resembles a sugar-scoop; in the Brazilian Aristolochia lahiosa (fig. 257 ^), there is 

 a broad heart-shaped expansion in front of the narrow entrance to the flower; in 

 Aristolochia cordata (fig. 257') there is an elongated, flagelliform perch for the 

 flies; whilst in our own Aristolochia Clematitis (figs. 257* and 257'') there is a 

 slightly excavated lip on which the midges can alight before entering the flower. 



A multifarious variety of arrangements is met with in the perianths of Orchids 

 and in the corollas of bi-labiate flowers for promoting access to the flowers. There 



Fig, 257.— Arraugemeuts fur the reception of lusects at the entrauce to tlie Flower. 



1 Vero7iica Chnmcpdrys. " Ophrys coniuta. 3 Corydalis lutea, from the front. * The same, from the side. « Galeopsis 

 grandijlora. ^Aristolochia lahiosa. "J AHstolochia cordata. ^Aristolochia Clematitis; the lowermost flower is faded 

 and has bent down, its lip is folded over tlie entrance to tlie (lower. « Longitudinal section of a flower of Aristolochia 

 Clematitis; within the enlarged c.ivity of tlie flower are two midges (Ceratopogon) temporarily imprisoned by the reversed 

 hairs of the tube. '» Flower of lipipogium aphyllum. " Pollinia of Epipogium. 12 Column of Epipvgium showing the 

 sm.all heart-shaped rostellum. is Shows the pollinia of Epipogium attached by their sticlsy rostellum to a pencil, in 

 process of withdrawal, s, ", '2^ is somewhat enlarged ; the other figures natural size. 



are all sorts of lobings and sinuses, fringes, pegs, and knobs on the lower lip which 

 serve as landing-stages for alighting and as fulcrums for further explorations to 

 numerous flies, wasps, bee.s, humble-bees, and butterflies. In the noble Orchid 

 Phalcenopsis Schilleriana {cf. fig. 258^) the smooth and complex labellum has a 

 little projection not far from its point of attachment which resembles, and indeed 

 serves, as a footstool to the visiting flieis. Beliind the footstool is the column, the 

 apex of which is occupied by the anther, and whose lower portion is excavated into 



