THE MANIFESTATIONS OF LIFE 89 



be protected. It is possible to follow what are presum- 

 ably the successive steps in the formation of one of the 

 best-known of the vege- 

 table products, starch. 

 Thus, in conditions such as 

 prevail in the water cul- 

 ture, to which reference has 

 been made, we have found 

 available for use in the 

 air, water (H 2 0) in which 

 the salts required are dis- 

 solved, and CO 2 in both the 

 air and water, in small 

 quantities. We have, 

 therefore, 0, H 2 O, and CO 2 

 to work with. The first 

 step in the process seems 

 to be the extraction of the 

 C atom from the C0 2 and 

 its addition to the H 2 O 

 molecule thus: 



C0 2 + H 2 = CH 2 (formic 

 aldehyde) +O 2 . 



If we study plant respira- 

 tion, we find that this ac- 

 tually takes place, for in 

 the gases given off by a 

 plant we find an increase 

 in the O which can only be 



accounted for by the ab- Ro . 2 8.-Water cultures of Fagopy- 



Straction of the C from rum esculentum. I. In nutrient solution 



the CO containing potassium; II. in nutrient 



A 2 * . solution without potassium. Plants 



AS We Continue the Syn- reduced to same scale. (After Nobbe.) 



thetic process we find: 



6CH 2 = C 6 H 12 6 (monosaccharide) 

 formed by a rearrangement of atoms to make a more 



