20 BIOLOGY 



1. General physiology. Physiology deals primarily with the 

 functions of the different organs. Correctly used, it should 

 include the functions of all animals and plants. Since, however, 

 human physiology has been so much more studied than that of 

 other animals, the term physiology usually refers to mankind. 

 When the study extends to other animals or to plants, it is des- 

 ignated respectively as animal physiology and plant physiology. 



2. When embryology concerns itself with the activities of 

 the embryo, it then belongs to the domain of physiology. 



3. Psychology (Gr. psyche = soul + -logia) is the study of 

 the functions of the brain. It includes not only the study of the 

 human brain but the brain activities of other animals as well, 

 under the term comparative psychology. 



4. Ecology (Gr. oikos = house + -logia) is the study of the 

 relations of organisms to their environment. This includes their 

 relations to inanimate nature as well as to animate. The term 

 ecology is now more widely applied in relation to plants than to 

 animals. Ecology includes sociology (Lat. socius = a compan- 

 ion + Gr. -logia), which is the study of the interrelations of ani- 

 mals of the same species. This, however, is chiefly confined to 

 the human race, the term sociology usually referring to mankind. 

 There are, however, some animals like ants, bees, etc., that have 

 social relations, and the term sociology might be extended to 

 them. 



ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY 



The general term zoology includes any of the biological sci- 

 ences when studied in their relation to animals, and the general 

 term botany, when they are studied in their relation to plants. 



