CONTENTS 



BAPTEK PAGE 



I. THE SCOPE OF BIOLOGY 1 



The New Biology and the Old. The Funda- 

 mental Properties of Living Things. Chemical 

 Composition of Living Tissues. Origin of 

 Life. The Biological Sciences: Morphology. 

 Physiology. Zoology and Botany. 



II. CELLS AND THE CELL THEORY .... 26 

 Organisms. The Cell as the Unit of Organic 

 Structure. Cell Structure. Cell Substance or 

 Protoplasm. The Nucleus. The Centrosome. 

 The Cell Wall. Cell Functions. History of 

 the Cell Doctrine: 1. The Early Conception 

 of the Cell (1839-1861). 2. Protoplasm and 

 the Mechanical Theory (1861-1885). 3. The 

 Nucleus and its Significance (1880 to the 

 present). What is Meant by Protoplasm. 



III. UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS 52 



Animals: Amoeba. Paramecium. Plasmo- 

 dium Malaria. Chilomonas. Pandorina. In- 

 termediate Organisms: Peranema. Euglena. 

 Plants: Pkurococcus. Saccharomyces Yeast. 

 Bacteria. 



IV. CELL MULTIPLICATION AND THE CELLULAR 



STRUCTURE OF ORGANISMS . . . .85 

 Cell Division or Karyokinesis. Unicellular 

 and Multicellular Organisms. PenicilUum, a 

 Simple Multicellular Plant. Other Species of 



Molds. 



vii 



