2 PALAEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



having precisely the same scope. Professor Owen * in 1858, proposed the term 

 LvopoMATA (;.,'(,. anil Tw/ia), essentially the Greek equivalent of Inarticulata, 

 and of BRONN'sf Ecardines. The last named author also suggested the term 

 Pli;uropvgia, derived from the lateral position of the intestinal perforation ; 

 while King's term, Tretenterata,! indicates that the existence of an anus is 

 to be regarded as the essential character. 



The use of Family designations in this group would be attended by embar- 

 rassments so serious, that it has seemed preferable to avoid them altogether. 

 The present state of our knowledge fully justifies this position. 



Genus LINGULA, Brdgu[ere. 1789. 



PLATE I, FIGS. 1-34; and PLATE IV k, FIGS. 5-13, 



1789. Liiigula,^ BRoanifeBis. Hist. Natuv. des Vers Testac6s. 

 1798. Pkaretra, Boltbn. Mus. Bolt. 

 1806. Lingutariiu!, Dumekil. Zoolog-ie Analytique. 

 Linffula, of .'luthois generally. 



{Qlosxina, Phillips, 1848. Mem. Geol. Surv. Great, Britain, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 370. 

 Glottidia, Dall, 1870. American Journal of Concholog-y, vol. vi, p. 157. 

 Dignomia, Hall, 1871. Imperfectly known Forms amoufj the Brachiopoda. 



1839. JAngula, Conrad. Second Ann. Repl. Pala;ont. Dept. N. Y. State Geol. Surv. 



1842. Lingula, Vani'xem. Geology N. Y., Rept. Third District. 



1843. Lingula, Emmons. Geolog-y N. Y., Rept. Second District. 



1842. Lingula, CojtnAD. .Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 



1843. Lingula, Hall. Geolog-y. N. Y., Rept. Fourth District. 



1844. Lingula, Owen. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, .ami Illinois. 

 1847. Lingula, Hall. Palaeontology N. Y.., vol. i. 



1847. Lingula, Dana. American Jouinal of S<'ien('e. 



1851. Lingula, Hall. Foster and Whitney's Re])t. Geol. Lake Superior. 

 18.52. Lingida, Hall. Palajontology N. Y., vol. ii. 



1852. Lingula, Owen. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. 

 1852. Linf/ula. F. Rojmkr. Kreiilebildnng von Texas. 



* Encyclopaidia Britannica, Sth Ed., vol. xv, p. 301. 



i Die Cliutsen und Ordnungen des Thieri-eichs, p. 301. 1862. 



X Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. xii, p. 15. 1873. 



§ The synonymic lists accompanying tlic^e discu.ssions are intende<l to give, first, the more imjiortant 

 names under which the genera have 1)Pom mentioned liy EMrO[)ean and American writei-s, followed by a 

 table of references to notices in Ameiican liter.itnre of the genera or their species. Under the lesser groups, 

 the U.-it-s are not thus divided, but will be found to contain all the impm-lant refei-ences necessary for the use 

 of the student. 



