TEE TH OF FOAL 1 1 7 



second grinder teeth make their appearance, and when 

 it is eight or ten days old the two central incisor teeth, 

 which are also termed ' nippers,' begin to show, and at 

 that age both nippers and grinders are apparently 

 somewhat over-long for the size of the jaw. In the 

 course of a month a third grinder appears above and 

 below : and about the asfe of six weeks another incisor 

 (nipper) is shown on each side of the first two, which 

 have by this time grown considerably, but have not 

 attained their full level. At two months old, however, 

 they will have done so ; and by the time the foal is 

 three months old the second pair will have over- 

 taken them. At this age they will commence to 

 wear slightly, and their outer edges, which were at first 

 somewhat raised and sharp, are brought to a level 

 with the inner edge, and in this condition the mouth 

 remains until between the sixth and ninth months, 

 when another nipper makes its appearance on either 

 side of the four already shown, on both the upper and 

 lower jaws. There are at this time, therefore, six 

 nippers in the upper and six in the lower jaws, and the 

 mouth at this stage may be said to be complete, as far 

 as these incisor teeth are concerned. No further 

 change takes place, save as regards the wearing of the 

 teeth, until between two and three years of age. I 

 have used the term ' nipper' as being that commonly 

 in use, and as also more expressive than the term 

 ' incisor,' for it is with these teeth that grass, etc., is 

 nipped off and gathered. 



The teeth are covered with a very hard substance 

 termed ' enamel ;' indeed, so hard is it that a file 

 can hardly make any impression on it. This enamel 

 is spread over that portion of the teeth which appears 



